ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT 
119 
Instead of living upon the mother country the island 
is to be self-supporting and is itself to meet the cost of 
administration. It is one of the most important things 
to give encouragement to the larger undertakings by 
companies, on whom it will be incumbent to construct 
trade routes and to exploit the natural resources of the 
island. To indemnify them the state will, after a certain 
time, give over their leasehold lands to them as their 
own property. The committee seems to be keeping in 
view the duty of watching lest a pernicious nepotism 
seize upon the authorities, and the colony become a 
charitable institution for superfluous officials. 
The transition from the old state of things to the new 
was not carried out without serious difficulties. Laroche, 
the first Resident-General at the head of the new colony, 
seems not to have been quite strong enough for the 
position; in any case his debut at the Residence at Anta¬ 
nanarivo was deficient in energy. The Hova, who had 
offered no resistance, so to speak, during the campaign, 
fell back upon guerilla warfare, which apparently found 
encouragement in the immediate surroundings of the 
court. The French posts were constantly being attacked, 
and the roads to the coast were rendered entirely unsafe. 
One robber tribe to the south-west of the Residence, 
that of the Fahavalos, became so insolent as to threaten 
the capital itself. 
In September 1896 Gen. Gallieni took over the 
government. The revolts in no wise ceased, but 
evidently received support from the Palace. An uncle 
of the Queen was shot for this by martial law, and the 
Queen herself was deposed on the 28th of February, 
1897, 3. few hours later was conducted to the coast 
on her way to banishment at Reunion. 
One important alteration in the government of the 
provinces had a beneficial effect. The Hova Governors 
were dismissed and the several provinces were made 
