SMALLER ISLANDS NEAR MADAGASCAR 163 
tance, yet the turnover has never exceeded a million 
pounds per annum; of late it has receded to ^600,000. 
Cocoa-nut palms form the chief wealth of the Colony, 
but cotton and vanilla are also planted. People from 
Bourbon and Mauritius carry on the cultivation of sugar 
and the manufacture of rum, which is exported to Mada¬ 
gascar. 
On the eastern side there is a good roadstead. The 
islet of Zaudzi, where the European officials and soldiers 
live, also lies on that side. 
Anjuan or Johanna is said to be a busy place and 
fairly prosperous; the inhabitants are fond of travelling, 
and go over to settle in Zanzibar or Nossi-Be in consider¬ 
able numbers. In consequence of the fertility of the soil, 
the cultivation of sugar has been tried and has yielded 
good return. Mutsamudu, the capital, is built of stone and 
has more than 4000 inhabitants. It is surrounded with 
irregular walls and angular towers. 
Mohilla is reckoned unhealthy and is therefore avoided 
by Europeans. Its inhabitants are frequently employed 
on the plantations of Mayotta, and there are also sugar¬ 
cane plantations on the island. Eumbuni, the capital, has 
pretty gardens in the environs. 
Great Comoro has attained to no importance in trade 
worth speaking of. The want of good harbours and of 
a sufficiency of water for the soil prevent us from 
expecting any great increase in the future. 
Cattle-raising is of some importance. The chief point 
of interest in the island is an active volcano, Cardalla 
or Jungu ja Dsaha, i.e. “ Eiery Top”, which rises to the 
height of 7500 ft. The circular crater, without a raised 
rim, lies in the middle of a plain of lava and has a 
depth of 450 ft. Eruptions of lava were observed in 
1830, 1855 and 1858. 
