*3 
these pegs can be accurately adjusted by means of a spirit level, the soil is then 
made up to the level of the pegs. It is always advisable to allow made-up 
land to stand for some time before seeding, as it is pretty certain to settle in 
places, and the intervening time can be profitably occupied by correcting the 
level, freeing the land from weeds, and enriching the soil. 
To correct the level of established turf, carefully remove the turf with a 
turfing iron, add or remove soil, as is necessary, and replace the turf. 
MANURES. 
This subject we will divide into two parts, viz.: Manures for digging into 
freshly broken ground, and manures or composts for top-dressing existing lawns 
•or greens, with the object of improving them. 
For Digging In. 
In preparing ground for a lawn the majority of people will not see the 
importance of enriching the soil before sowing the seed. Several reasons are 
presented why the land should not be manured. It is either in good heart, or 
it appears to be, &c., &c. We present one, and only one, why land should be 
manured. It is this : When once a lawn is formed the turf has to obtain the 
larger share of its nourishment from a few inches of surface soil, possibly for 
ever. The soil cannot again be disturbed, consequently it does not get ameliorated 
by the action of air, rain, or frost, to the same extent as tilled land, which is 
continually being turned over, or relieved by a change of crop, and the grasses 
which form a turf are just as liable to suffer from starvation as anything else. 
When preparing ground for a lawn, however good the soil may appear to be, 
make assurance double sure by working into the surface one load of well-rotted 
straw manure to every ioo square yards on heavy soils, and a similar quantity of 
stable peat litter on light soils. These quantities can be increased with advantage 
should the soil be poor and the lawn likely to be subjected to hard wear. In 
cases where it is difficult or too expensive to obtain these manures, the ground 
should be treated with Carters' Complete Grass Manure, which is prepared under 
the direct supervision of our resident certificated analyst, and contains all the 
constituents essential to the growth of fine grasses. This manure should be 
spread over and raked in at the rate of 6 cwts. per acre, allowing a few days for 
the manure to lose its potency before sowing the grass, otherwise it may affect 
the germ of the seed (see page 36). 
Only City Address: 53A, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. 
