OUTWARD PASSAGE.—DEVIATION. 
21 
steered XE by N. (true), a course nearly two 
points more easterly than we should have pursued 
in a perfectly clear sea. In this parallel, it may 
• be observed, that the ice usually lies ten degrees 
to the eastward of the situation in which it this 
season appeared. 
The following day at noon, having had a good 
run during the night, I observed in latitude 68° 
45', and longitude by chronometer 0° 8' W. The 
variation was found to be only 14° W., on a NE 
by E. course; but the real variation must have 
been about 22°, the difference of 8° being the ef¬ 
fect of the “ local attraction” of the ship on the 
compasses. The amount of “ deviation” on every 
point not being yet ascertained, nor the points of 
change, we sailed in considerable uncertainty, 
whenever an alteration in the course -was necessary. 
Tlio Baffin having, an iron-tiller, and much heavy 
iron-work about the rudder, has an extraordinary 
deviation in her compasses. In her first voyage 
(1820), it was still more considerable, and not a 
little dangerous before it was discovered. It pro¬ 
duced an error of a degree of latitude in one day’s 
run, on a NE by E. course,—the deviation on 
that point being twenty-two degrees. On carry¬ 
ing a pocket compass round the quarter-deck, to 
ascertain the cause of attraction, I discovered that 
it was principally owing to the piping or chimney 
