r,^M..NTS OF AGRICULTURE. 
fl* 
>.A.ce^ i)n to this rule, as they thrive much better in pas 
.ures. 
87. When animals are pastured, there is a great loss of 
manure. Without taking into account the manure lost, 
the pasture suffers much in wet weather from the poaching 
of the hoof. It is generally thought that those meadows 
yield most on which the afterswath (that is, the grass that 
grows after the crop of hay is made) is never depastured. 
Those farmers that keep their cattle up (soil them) con¬ 
tend that they get four or five times as much manure as 
they do when the animals are grazed ; but the advantages 
of soiling often depends upon local circumstances, climate, 
price of labor, etc. 
QUESTIONS. 
1. What is manure ? 
2. What must the farmer do to obtain the necessary supplies of manure ? 
3. Can fixed rules be established on this head ? 
4. Do excrements contain anything more than the remains of food ? 
5. What causes the difference in value between the manure from fat and 
that from lean cattle 1 
6. Does the manner of keeping stock affect the quality of manure? 
7. What are the usual methods of keeping stock ? 
8. Which is to be preferred ? 
0. What are the objections to grazing ? 
LESSON XIII. 
LITTER, AND LIQUID MANURES. 
88. Litter is, in many ways, indispensable to the 
termer; it is indispensable to the health and comfort of his 
6tock, by affording them good warm beds in winter, and 
maintaining them in a proper degree of cleanliness. 
Again, as regards the formation of manure, it is of the 
utmost importance ; it not only moderates the activity that 
