30 
MANURES. 
gen. The door is now open for explaining why age, 
sex, kind of employment, difference of food, difference 
of animal, can and do produce a marked difference in 
the value of different manures. And first, let us con¬ 
sider how the quantity is affected; this depends on 
the kind of food. The analysis of cattle dung which 
has been given is that of cows fed on hay, that is, 
herd’s grass, red top, &c., or what is usually termed 
English hay, potatoes, and water. The cattle kept up 
the year round; an animal, so treated, consumed in 
seven days, * 
Water, . . . . 611 lbs 
Potatoes, .... 87 “ 
Hay,.167 “ 
During this time, she dropped clear dung 599 lbs., 
or very nearly a bushel of dung a day. Every atten¬ 
tion was here paid to accuracy of measurement and 
weight. The annual amount of dung from one cow 
exceeds by this account that which is usually assigned. 
But, as it is a matter of some importance for the 
farmer to estimate what the produce of his stock may 
be in dung, the following statement, containing the 
results of a large establishment, will probably give 
that average. 
At this establishment, the cows were kept up the 
year round for their dung. It was collected for use 
free from litter, and measured daily into large tubs of 
known capacity. The average number of cows kept 
was fifty-four for nine and a half years. During that 
time, they consumed of beets, meal, and pumpkins, 
brewery grains, cornstalks, turnips, potatoes, carrots, 
and cabbages, 942,486 lbs., giving an average of green 
fodder, for each cow per year, 1,837 lbs. Average 
consumption of hay for each cow per annum, 8,164 
lbs. The total dung for nine and a half years was 
120,520 bushels, or per cow per annum, 235 bushels. 
This gives a daily consumption of green food, 5 lbs. 
