64 
PRUNING. 
spars or shortened branches left on, clear away a bit by cutting them 
off. Always remember that Standard Roses for appearance should not 
be too closely pruned; but for showing, when the individual blooms 
are shown, a multiplicity of flowers is against size. We can hardly 
recommend too strongly the necessity of what we shall call spring 
pruning, which is, in fact, nipping the mischief in the bud, watching 
the development of the newly coming branches, and removing all but 
the number there is good room for; and as this has not been treated 
of at any length, if at all, we may fairly request attention to it. 
The three cuts which are in illustration of this article, though not 
very accurate, show the first year’s growth of two buds placed in a 
stock, with dotted lines at the place we should cut them; the second 
year’s growth after such cutting, with dotted lines where we should 
cut them again; and the third year’s growth is indicated by lines 
which give some idea of it. But neither of these cuts is c xactly what 
we like; first, because our pen and ink sketches were imperfect, we 
being unable to draw exactly what we wanted; and secondly, because 
the artist, who could have drawn it, did not know what we wanted. 
There is enough, however, done to assist in our lesson on Pruning 
Standards, though not to the extent we wished. 
Pruning and Training Pillar Roses. 
Although we have touched on the pruning of bushes, and upon the 
pruning of climbers when first planted, it only related to the mere 
operation of pruning them for growth, in the position they were to 
remain; and here, for the sake of the poor roses themselves, and the 
pillars they are to ornament, we will suppose they are cut down to the 
ground, or nearly so, and have made a fresh growth, or rather are 
making fresh growth. Pillars for roses ought to be a foot in diameter, 
and are best made of trellis work or rods of iron, or, if it must be so, 
of wood; but they ought to be one foot through. As the leading 
shoots come, they ought to be wound spirally round the pillar, at such 
distance from each other as will enable them to fill up the space be¬ 
tween with foliage; their leading shoots then constitute the tree,-and 
all the side shoots bear their blooms, and form a pillar of roses. We 
do no mean that this is alj done in a year, though some kinds go a 
