Sept. 7, 1912 
FOREST AND STREAM 
317 
"of the cave was the fact that not a single arti¬ 
fact of any kind was with the skulls, which 
would indicate that the Indians, who buried these 
heads, knew nothing of any metal worker’s art. 
There was some pottery of a rude sort of manu¬ 
facture, and pieces of dry wood, which may have 
been intended as torches with which the dead 
were to light their way in the other world. It 
is well known that the prehistoric tribes, which 
peopled this region at the time of the conquest, 
had knowledge of silver and gold and copper, 
but as none of these metals was found with the 
dead, it is reasonable to suppose that their race 
knew nothing of these metals, and therefore 
must have existed and perished before the com¬ 
ing of Cortez and his white conquerors. 
A curious feature about these skulls is that 
they appear to belong to several different types. 
More than this, not one of them is of the type 
which now persists in the heads of the "present 
dwellers in this part of Mexico. One of the 
skulls, in particular, has a curious conformation, 
dissimilar to any skull I have ever seen, not only 
among Mexican Indians, but in museums in vari¬ 
ous parts of the world. Both the frontal and 
occipital bones are so flattened as to give the 
skull a pyramidal appearance when viewed in 
profile. The nearest approach I have ever seen 
to this is in the skulls of some of the head¬ 
binding Indians of lower South America. The 
two parietals on the same skull bulge out and 
form a noble arch up to the bump of Venus. 
The rest of the skulls show a more than average 
intellectuality, and the general formation would 
seem to indicate the square-headed Teutonic 
type. 
Many more of these caves were in sight 
along the slope of the hill, and undoubtedly there 
were others still retaining the sealed front, and 
therefore invisible without the aid of pick and 
shovel. The caves were new to science, how¬ 
ever, and I do not believe the race that made 
them has been described, at least not from 
Mexico, though it may have been a branch of 
some South or Central American tribe which 
came up into Mexico during one of the number¬ 
less migrations which have swept this country. 
My time at these caves was limited, how¬ 
ever, and I soon set out on the return journey, 
stopping at the mine at Otatlan, and doing some 
geological work on the way. One of the curious 
things I noted, both going and coming on that 
trip, and that was that the Indians of this part 
of Mexico have no idea of protection for these 
mysterious graves and ruins, such as have the 
people who dwell near the ruins of the mound 
builders. It does not appear that any of the 
present day tribes, which people these sections, 
are descendants of either the cave dwellers or 
the mound builders, yet the Indians who live near 
the great mounds protect them in every possible 
manner, while those who have their villages near 
the cave dwellings take little or no interest in 
the mystery of the strange Troglodytes who pre¬ 
ceded them. 
[to be concluded.] 
FREIGHT RATE ON IVORY FROM ADEN. 
_ Consul Walter H. Schulz reports that the 
freight rate on ivory from Aden, Arabia, to Lon¬ 
don via the British India Steam Navigation Co. 
has been reduced from five-eighths of 1 per cent, 
to one-half of 1 per cent, of the value of the 
ivory shipped. The rate between Aden and the 
United States, however, remains 1 per cent. 
Kernel IDepartmeimit 
Fixtures. 
FIELD TRIALS. 
Oct. 28.—Southern Ohio Field Trial Association’s second 
annual field trials. G. R. Harris, Sec’y, 15 West 
Sixth St., Cincinnati. O. 
The Batavia Show. 
Batavia, N. Y., Aug. 31 .—Editor Forest and 
Stream: We have opened the following classes 
and thank you to inform your readers: 
Newfoundlands. — 25a, Novice dogs and 
bitches, 60 and 40 per cent of entry fees; 25b, 
limit, dogs and bitches, 60 and 40 per cent.; 25c, 
open, dogs and bitches, 60 and 40 per cent.; 25d, 
local, dogs and bitches, ribbons. 
Belgian Sheepdogs.—156a, novice, dogs and 
bitches, 60 and 40 per cent.; 156b, limit, dogs 
and bitches, 60 and 40 per cent.; 156c, open, dogs 
and bitches, 60 and 40 per cent.; is6d, local, 
dogs and bitches, ribbons. 
Fox Terriers, Smooth.—246a, puppies, dogs, 
60 and 40 per cent.; 251a, puppies, bitches, 60 and 
40 per cent.; 256a, puppies, dogs, 60 and 40 per 
cent.; 261a, puppies, bitches, 60 and 40 per cent. 
Chas. W. Gardiner, Supt. 
PITCH SPRINGS. 
On the island of Zante, Greece, there are to 
be found what are locally called pitch springs. 
They are at the southern end of the island in 
a broad swampy basin, shut in on three sides by 
mountains and open on the fourth side to the 
sea. They are really springs of crude petroleum 
which, according to analysis, is of a very high 
degree of purity. 
The petroleum issues from the earth in 
water basins, oozing up through the mud in 
drops which break and spread upon the surface 
of the water. The flow is very slow in the sev¬ 
eral springs, not amounting to more than a few 
gallons a day. The springs were mentioned by 
a Greek historian some four centuries before 
Christ. They seem to have been considered 
merely as a curiosity until about fifty years ago. 
—Consular and Trade Reports. 
THE CATS OF ENGLAND. 
Huxley once stated that the prestige of 
England on sea and land depended on the old 
maids of England, and for why? Because the 
maiden sisterhood cared for innumerable cats. 
The cats destroyed the field mice and so the 
mice could not destroy the bumblebees and with¬ 
out the bees no clover could be grown. 
And no clover, no good English beef and 
therefore no English yeomen to man the ships 
or fight on land and sea for the great nation 
on whose possessions the sun never sets and 
whose war drums are heard around the world.— 
Our Dumb Animals. 
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