64 
RASPBERRIES 
Big, 
juicy, 
sweet 
berries, 
the most 
delicious 
you ever 
tasted, 
and, all 
you want. 
from oJune to November 
The Wonderful Everbearing 
LA FRANCE 
RED RASPBERRY 
is a strong, rapid grower and 
the bushes are covered with 
deliciously flavored, big, 
sweet berries, from June 
until freezing weather. The 
fruit is the same large size 
and flavor from first to last. 
The fruit is much larger and 
has fewer seeds than any 
other raspberry. 
Do not confuse La France 
with any other so called 
“everbeari:rg” raspberry. 
None other compares. It is 
the kind grown in the gar¬ 
dens of T. P. Morgan, Glen 
Cove, N. Y.; P. S. du Pont, 
Wilmington, Del.; Chas. M. 
Schwab, Loretto, Pa.; Wil¬ 
liam Ziegler, Noroton, 
Conn.; J. J. Hill, Lake 
Geneva, Wis.; Senator Fre- 
linghuysen, Elberon, N. J.; 
and others who demand the 
best. 
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101718191011 22 
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The La France Raspberry is perfectly hardy. It was carefully 
tested for years, to absolutely prove its merit before this public 
offering. 
Fruits early in July, the first season planted and continues con¬ 
stantly in fruit until frozen up. The berries are the same large 
size and delicious flavor throughout the season. Plants multiply 
rapidly. Free from insects and disease. 
A Great Money Maker for Berry Growers 
Awarded medals and certificates by leading Agricultural and Horticultural 
Societies, including Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural So¬ 
ciety of New i ork, The American Institute of New York, etc., etc. 
offered a* ° nC£ *° ‘ nSUre pIants the coming season. Strong plants now 
$1.50 Each 
$16.00 Per Dozen By prepaid parcel post 
Ra s pberry 
Farms 
a t Sound 
Beach, 
Conn., and 
Glen Head, 
N. Y. 
JohnScheepers 
Inc 
522 Fifth 
Avenue 
New York 
N. Y. 
House & Garden 
RASPBERRY NOTES FROM THE 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
T HREE important factors which 
should be considered in the selec¬ 
tion of a site for raspberry bushes 
are the soil type, the moisture supply, 
and the air drainage. 
Although the raspberry will succeed 
on a wide range of soil types provided 
suitable moisture conditions prevail, the 
best results will be secured only by 
studying the peculiar requirements of 
the different varieties. A fine, deep, 
sandy loam is perhaps the most desir¬ 
able soil for growing raspberries, be¬ 
cause it is managed so" easily. Equally 
good yields of some varieties will be 
secured on clay and on sandy soils if 
they are well managed. In general, 
however, though the black raspberries 
seem to do best on sandy soils, they 
are grown extensively and succeed well 
on clay soils. Among the red rasp¬ 
berries the Ranere does best on sandy 
types, but the June prefers a clay soil. 
Other varieties, such as the Cuthbert 
and King, succeed on* a wide range of 
soil types. 
The most important, perhaps, of all 
the factors entering into the growing of 
raspberries is the moisture supply, and 
where there is the possibility of a choice, 
the soil which will furnish an ample 
supply of moisture at all times should 
be chosen. At no- time, however, should 
there be wet places in the plantation. 
Thorough drainage as well as a full 
supply of moisture is essential. 
Another important factor is air. drain¬ 
age. Cold air settles to the lower levels, 
and plantations situated on land ele¬ 
vated above the surrounding fields will 
not be as subject to the extreme cold 
of winter as plantations on the lower 
levels. Winter injury to the canes may 
often be avoided by choosing a site 
higher than the surrounding country. 
Furthermore, plantations on the higher 
elevations are not as subject to frost' 
injury in late spring as those not so 
favorably located. 
In the Southern States, a fourth fac¬ 
tor in the selection of a site is of some 
importance. If raspberries are to be 
grown in those States, a northern or 
northeastern slope is preferred for the 
plantation, as humus and moisture are 
retained better in fields on such slopes 
than on southern slopes. 
For home gardens, the chicken yard 
is frequently a desirable place for the 
raspberry patch. Poultry keep down 
weeds and enrich the soil, and do not 
often injure the berries. 
Planting 
The time of planting raspberries va¬ 
ries in different parts of the United 
States, according to the local conditions. 
In general, however, the plants should 
be set in early spring in the eastern 
part of the United States, but on the 
Pacific coast they should be set during 
the rainy season, whenever it is pos¬ 
sible to do the work. 
Because better plants of the black 
and purple varieties can be secured in 
the spring, that is the best season for 
setting them. Red raspberries, however, 
may be set in the autumn with good 
success in sections where the winters 
are mild or where there is a good cov¬ 
ering of snow to protect the plants. 
Three systems of culture are used in 
growing raspberries, the hill, the linear, 
and the hedge systems. The term “hill 
system” is restricted to that method of 
tillage in which the horse cultivator is 
used on all sides of each plant. When 
the cultivator is run in only one direc¬ 
tion and only the plants originally set 
are allowed to fruit, the term “linear 
system” is used. If some of the suckers 
which come from the roots of red rasp¬ 
berries are left to form a solid row and 
the cultivator is run in one direction 
only, the term “hedge system” is em¬ 
ployed. 
The distance between the rows in 
each of these systems should he deter¬ 
mined by economy in the cost of culti¬ 
vation and in the use of land. Where 
the area of land available for planting 
is not limited, usually it will be found 
most desirable to make the spaces be¬ 
tween the rows wide enough to allow 
the use of 2-horse implements in culti¬ 
vation. Where the area of land is lim¬ 
ited, the rows may be placed closer to¬ 
gether and 1-horse implements used. 
Planting Distances 
Under the hill system of culture the 
plants usually are set about 5 feet apart 
each way. This, however, allows the 
use of 1-horse cultivators only. The 
hill system, is used to some extent in 
New York and other States in raising 
red raspberries. It has the advantage 
of requiring less handwork in keeping 
out grass and weeds, as the cultivator 
can be run in both directions; and the 
berries can be more easily harvested 
from fields under this system. 
If the hedge or linear system is used, 
the horse cultivator can be run in. one 
direction only and more hand hoeing- is 
necessary. Under these systems the red 
varieties usually should be set from 2 
to 3 feet apart in rows which are 6 to 
8 feet distant. In the eastern United 
States 6 feet is the most common and 
desirable distance between the rows for 
the shorter caned varieties, such as the 
Ruby and Marlboro, and 7 and 8 feet 
for the tall-caned varieties, like the 
Cuthbert. To use two horses in a plan¬ 
tation the rows must be at least 8 feet 
apart. In the Pacific Northwest, where 
the canes grow very tall, the planting 
distance for red raspberries is usually 
2 V 2 by 7 or 8 feet. In parts of Colo¬ 
rado and other States where irrigation 
and winter protection are necessary, the 
plants are usually set in rows which 
are 7 feet apart. 
Setting the Plants 
Before planting, the tops of the plants 
of all types should be cut back to 6 
inches or less in height. To make it 
easy to handle the plants and to indi¬ 
cate the rows after setting, 4 to 6 inches 
of the cane should- be left. If a garden 
patch is being planted, it is better to 
cut the canes back to within a few 
inches of the leader buds. The plants 
should be set slightly deeper than they 
formerly grew. Sometimes it is well 
to set red raspberries as much as 3 
inches deeper than they grew, in order 
to protect them from- drought. Black 
and purple raspberry plants should be 
set not more than an inch or two deeper ' 
than they formerly stood, as there is 
danger of smothering the tips. 
Moisture Supply in the Soil 
From the time raspberry plants are 
set, they need an ample supply of mois¬ 
ture, and they are affected more quick¬ 
ly and seriously when it is deficient than 
most other fruit plants. In the sections 
where the highest average yields of red 
raspberries are obtained, often 6,000 
quarts of fruit per acre are secured. The 
average for the whole country, however, 
is not more than 1,500 quarts, and this 
difference is due alm'ost wholly to a 
difference in the moisture supply. In 
the sections referred to as giving the 
highest yields, a deep soil furnishes a 
uniform and ample supply of moisture 
at all times. To secure the best results, 
therefore, the grower should, by tillage 
and by supplying humus, maintain a 
uniform and ample moisture content in 
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