House, & Garden 
lift 
Mi 
223 Ladies’ pure Linen, tape bordered, flat 
hand hem $9.00 doz. 
224 -Ladies’ sheer Linen, tape bordered, with 
fancy hand hemstitch 24.00 doz. 
225 -Ladies’ fine sheer Linen, tape bordered 12.00 doz. 
226 -Ladies’ fine Shamrock Lawn, hemstitched, 
tape bordered 9.00 doz. 
227 Ladies’ very sheer hand woven French 
Linen, tape borders, hand hemstitched 33.00 doz. 
Similar in Men's size 60.00 d oz. 
228 —Ladies’ very sheer, hand woven, French 
Linen, crossbar, hand hemstitched 33.00 doz. 
Similar in Men’s size 60.00 doz. 
229 -Ladies’ French handspun Linon, tape bor¬ 
dered, hand hemstitched, size 13x13 ins. 42.00 doz. 
230 -Ladies’ Irish hand woven Linen, tape bor¬ 
dered, flat hand hem, very sheer 18.00 doz. 
Similar in Men’s size 33.00 doz. 
231— Ladies’ Irish hand woven Linen, tape bor¬ 
dered; flat hand hem, full size 15.00 d OZ. 
Similar in Men' s size 24.00 doz. 
232 — Ladies’ pure French handspun Linon, 
crossbar, 12x12 inches 72.00 doz. 
Similar in Men’ s size 108.00 doz. 
Catalogue “Gift Suggestions” on request 
Important Announcement 
Walpole Bros, announce the opening of a new depart¬ 
ment for exclusive Lingerie and Silk Underwear, and 
they respectfully invite ladies to view their collection 
of superior quality merchandise. 
373 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 
Also 583 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. 
LONDON AND DUBLIN 
Factory: Waringstown, Co. Down, Ireland 
^ . 
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Grates and Railings of Spanish Iron 
(Continued from page 58) 
The four photographs appearing in 
the present article clearly show four 
characteristic and important works of 
iron in Cuba. One of them represents 
the railing and entrance to a garden 
in a “Quinta” or country-seat of Guan- 
abacoa, Cuba. The entire railing sur¬ 
rounding the garden rests on a tall socle 
or base of rubble-work, and the design 
is simple, although classically Spanish, 
the rods terminating in lance points. 
The entrance railing, although extremely 
light and simple, is of decorative value, 
resting between the two large rubble- 
work pillars. This phase is also char¬ 
acteristic as regards the doors of the 
gardens in Spain. The doors of this 
gate are made of a strip of iron inter¬ 
woven with curves in a geometrical de¬ 
sign. The small door or shutter lo¬ 
cated on the right is worth noting. It 
is an after-taste of an old Spanish cus¬ 
tom, for all the ancient manorial homes, 
as a rule, had a shutter made on the 
doorway, in the iron railings as well as 
in the large wooden doors. The large 
doors were opened only on certain 
solemn occasions, while the daily en¬ 
trance and exit were made through the 
shutter or peep-window (postigo). 
Another interesting view is that of a 
railing with a gate located at the corner 
of the garden. It also is built on 
rubble-work, the design of which is ex¬ 
tremely old, especially the top detail of 
the gate. The center decoration is a 
Moorish star, the letters and top being 
of Gothic reminiscence. 
Another attractive entrance is that of 
a beautiful tropical garden in one of 
the modern houses of Vedado, Havana. 
This railing is small and very simple 
in proportion to the two pillars that 
support it, which are extremely large 
and made of carved stone. The rest of 
the railing rests on a low socle, as shown 
on page 28. 
Stair Banisters 
Another interesting and characteristic 
phase of Spanish work in iron is the 
stair banisters. One of the photographs 
shows a remarkable example. It be¬ 
longs to another Vedado home (the 
Vedado being the aristocratic suburb of 
Havana) in which the stairway develops 
into two ramifications up to the main 
floor of the house. These stairs are of 
Spanish tradition. They are found on 
a large scale in several Spanish palaces, 
and the interior stairs are of a similar 
construction to this. The entrance rail¬ 
ing is more elaborate than the others, 
and the design is also classical and ele¬ 
gant, although this one, as well as the 
others mentioned, can be classified 
among the simple railings, if we com¬ 
pare them with those known as “front 
door gratings” which separate the 
zaguan or vestibule from the patio or 
yard in the cities of Seville, Cordoba 
and Granada. 
We cannot terminate this article with¬ 
out mentioning, although it be rather 
briefly, other interesting phases of the 
Spanish works in iron, such as door 
hinges, lock plates and hasps, brackets, 
well cranes (the last being wonderfully 
beautiful and elaborate), knockers, door 
keys, and a thousand other accessories 
with which Spain is so full, and of 
which interesting examples are to be 
found in Latin America. 
As regards all this, we can only record 
the ancient lineage of the Spanish works 
in iron. 
A Little Bit of History 
The great heights attained by Spanish 
works in iron are not at all astonish¬ 
ing. Their marvellous development is 
readily understood by merely reading 
the history of the Spanish peninsula. 
From remote ages, Spain was the rich¬ 
est mineral country of Europe. Spain 
had copper, silver and brass industries 
long before iron was discovered, and it 
is a well known fact that the Greeks 
exploited the iron mines of Spain as 
early as the 6th Century B. C. The 
Romans adopted the Celtiberian sword, 
which they found in Spain when they 
invaded that country. Julius Caesar’s 
soldiers used Spanish swords. Later on, 
the Visigoths gave a great impulse to 
Spanish iron industries, and in the 8th 
Century, during the invasion of the 
Moors, who were a warlike people and 
lovers of weapons, and who brought 
precious models from the Orient, the 
industry of arms developed notably, 
while iron was made into various shapes 
during the establishment of the famous 
weapon factory of Toledo, now owned 
by the government. For centuries, in 
this factory, the famous Toledo blades 
have been made, which are a symbol of 
nobility as far as Spanish knighthood 
is concerned. Together with the weapon 
industry, the Arabs in Spain established 
the great “Damask” steel industry, that 
is to say, along the Damask style—steel 
inlaid in gold, from which not only 
weapons are made, but also small chests, 
amphoras, jewels, cigar cases, and all 
kinds of modern objects. These articles 
have become widely known by the sim¬ 
ple name of “eibar”. 
Planning the Wiring for a House 
(Continued from page 54) 
outlet at the front end of the room is 
attached to a switch at the front en¬ 
trance. In order to have artificial light 
on entering from the stairway at the 
opposite end, the pair of brackets which 
flank the mantel are connected to a 
switch at the stairway entrance. The 
arrangements of the furniture such as 
piano, library table and davenport were 
carefully studied before deciding upon 
the location of the outlets, the switches, 
etc. A table lamp is provided for at 
the front end. In the corner on the 
left is an outlet to which is attached 
electrical equipment (including a small 
lamp) of a modern phonograph. On 
the mantel is an outlet for decorative 
candlesticks and at the left is another 
outlet for a beauty-spot of light. The 
remaining baseboard outlets are utilized 
respectively for a floor lamp near the 
piano (on the wall at the right), for a 
floor lamp at one end of the settee 
(on the left center of the room ordi¬ 
narily), and for a miniature floor lamp 
at the other end. The latter may be 
moved close to a chair and thus serve 
as a portable reading lamp. Every out¬ 
let is in use in this room and some of 
them do double duty. 
In the dining room a two-circuit out¬ 
let is found in the center of the ceil¬ 
ing. This supplies a fixture which emits 
a well-controlled downward component 
of light illuminating the table predomi¬ 
nantly and an upward component for a 
moderate general illumination. An out¬ 
let in the floor under the table may be 
used for electrical devices on the table. 
One of the baseboard outlets supplies 
a pair of candlesticks on the buffet; the 
others are used for electrical apparatus, 
and are also available for any special 
lighting purpose. 
In the kitchen an electrical outlet in 
the center of the ceiling is controlled by 
a wall switch conveniently located. The 
combination fixture is a wall bracket at 
the left near the stove. Another bracket 
(Continued on page 62) 
