78 
House & Garden 
Our representatives visit all the larger cities. We shall be pleased to 
notify you of dates upon request, i 
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The Case of the Stationary Vacuum Cleaner 
(Continued from page 76) 
pipes may clog. But we must remem¬ 
ber that water pipes can clog and that 
gas pipes do very exasperating things; 
yet we use them without blinking. 
For the very large residence, factory, 
hospital, hotel and institution, of course 
the stationary machine is best, mainly 
because it is difficult to get help today 
to carry about the premises anything 
that is heavy. To lift, push or carry 
the lightest portable over a very large 
residence or institution is a trial, and 
the stationary type overcomes this diffi¬ 
culty. 
In some cases the heavy duty port¬ 
able is advised with its increased horse¬ 
power, but when the purse and area of 
residence match, the stationary type is 
really the best, although we know 
householders who prefer to use the 
portable and heavy duty portables 
everywhere. 
The stationary plant is only another 
real “pipe dream” come true, and in 
addition to piped water, piped gas and 
conduited electricity it will tend to 
hasten the processes of home mainte¬ 
nance and free the homekeepers to do 
more spiritual home tending. 
But remember that in the average 
home or apartment the portable ma¬ 
chine is the ideal sweeper and fulfills 
more than every requirement of sani¬ 
tary sweeping combined with the least 
effort. The stationary is for the large 
house, not the small. 
The Placing and Care of House Plants 
( Continued, from page 49) 
essential. No hard-and-fast rule can be 
laid down for its frequency; every day 
or once in two or three days—it all de¬ 
pends on the local conditions. The soil 
should never be allowed really to dry 
out, nor should it be kept muddy. When 
water is applied, put on enough so that 
it comes out through the hole in the 
bottom of the pot. If the pots are 
kept standing in shallow saucers, this 
surplus water will not soil the floor and 
will aid in maintaining the general 
moisture supply. 
Finally, there are the problems of 
dust and insect pests. The first should 
be regularly removed from the leaves 
of large plants with a sponge and warm 
water, and from small ones by sprink¬ 
ling. Water forcibly applied with a fine 
hose or a sprayer will take care of 
most of the insect pests which may ap¬ 
pear. If it fails, and your nostrils can 
stand the strain, whale oil soap or 
tobacco emulsion liberally applied will 
rout them. Pests are not so likely to 
appear if the plants are healthy. 
The Evolution of a House Plan 
( Continued, from page 37) 
These models, ingeniously executed 
in detail as shown on the two preced¬ 
ing pages, are, in effect, miniatures of 
the proposed houses they represent. 
Model-making, however, ’ like many 
other pleasant things, is expensive, and 
the usual procedure is to go at once 
from the “preliminary” to the “work¬ 
ing drawing.” 
The whole plan for the house, its 
exterior and interior treatment, now 
begins to assume an aspect of definite¬ 
ness. The preliminary perspective has 
been discussed and perhaps changed. 
The prospective client has shown it 
to his friends, and the plans as well 
as the general exterior effect have been 
thoroughly considered. 
The third drawing now to be made 
is in fact a set of drawings—the one- 
quarter inch scale working drawings 
from which blueprints are made and 
the house built. A word about blue¬ 
prints. The drawings from which blue¬ 
prints are made are on thin tracing 
paper or tracing cloth, so that they 
may be printed exactly like a photo¬ 
graphic film. The drawing being posi¬ 
tive, however, the prints are negative, 
showing white lines on a dark back¬ 
ground, instead of black lines on a 
light background. The original draw¬ 
ings always remain in the architect’s 
office, and the purpose of sets of blue¬ 
prints is to furnish the client, the local 
building department and all the con¬ 
tractors on the job with identical data 
about the house. 
The meaning of “one-quarter inch 
scale drawing” is simply that these 
drawings are accurately made on the 
basis of one-quarter of an inch in the 
drawing equaling one foot in the actual 
building, so that even the smallest rel¬ 
ative proportions are faithfully por¬ 
trayed. 
The set of one-quarter inch scale 
drawings includes the following: com¬ 
plete plans, beginning with foundation 
and ending with attic, complete eleva¬ 
tions, and a typical section, and some¬ 
times a roof plan. 
The foundation plan will show all 
the cellar walls, and all piers or posts 
of masonry, as well as the exact defi¬ 
nition of what portions of the whole 
area will be excavated. This drawing, 
and all other plans, are thoroughly 
“figured”—that is, all distances, meas¬ 
urements and dimensions are given in 
figures denoting feet and inches, thus 
supplementing the drawings themselves. 
There will also be seen a great many 
notes, which either refer to other draw¬ 
ings (.larger scale detail drawings), or 
to points also covered in the written 
specifications. Concerning written 
specifications, an entire article might be 
written. 
A study of the one-quarter inch scale 
plans illustrated here will show exactly 
how much information is conveyed by 
them to the contractors and workmen. 
The scale “elevations” are four in 
number, and show, with figures and 
notes, the exact facts about the build¬ 
ing’s appearance, as seen from the 
four points of the compass. A work¬ 
ing elevation is not a picture of one 
side of a house, but more like a pat¬ 
tern. It is drawn as though every por¬ 
tion of the building were on an exact 
level with the eye. Thus the decep¬ 
tive distortion and foreshortening of 
perspective is avoided. 
The one-quarter inch scale section is 
one of the most important drawings of 
the set, because it carries so much in¬ 
formation on the construction of the 
house. It shows the different floor 
levels and ceiling levels, usually the 
working out of the stairs, and of door 
heights and window levels. A skilled 
draughtsman can lay out a section 
which will comprise virtually all the 
essential points in the construction of 
the house. A typical one-quarter inch 
scale section is given in one of the 
illustrations. 
(Continued on page 82) 
