10 
J. F. JONES, LANCASTER, PA. 
THE NORTHERN PECANS are as hardy as the other hickories and in 
this regard should not be confused with the southern pecan. In a wild or 
natural state, the pecan grows from Terre Haute, Ind., and Clinton, Iowa, on 
the north, to the Gulf Coast on the south. The tree grows in the river bottoms 
and will succeed on land that is too low and damp for most trees. Because of 
this, it was formerly thought that the tree required excessive moisture for suc¬ 
cess, but this was long ago disproven by the thousands of trees growing thriftlv 
and bearing well on high and dry locations, and on a wide range of soils. The 
pecan has proven to do well on even light sandy soil, if the soil fertility is kept 
up, as well as on the clay and clay loam soils. The varieties I am propagating 
are from Indiana, Iowa and Mo. and the trees are perfectly hardy. 
THE ENGLISH WALNUT, when budded or grafted upon the native 
black walnut or other hardy stocks, ripen their wood growth up earlier and 
better than do seedling trees and are therefore considerably hardier than seed¬ 
ling trees. Grafted on this stock, the tree is also adapted to a wider range of 
soils, but the tree is more exacting in its climatic requirements than is the black 
walnut or other native nuts. While the English walnut can be grown with 
more or less success in all the eastern, middle and southern states, (and I have 
good reports on both the growth and bearing from all these states) my opinion 
is that its cultural range for commercial orcharding will follow that of the 
sweet cherry in the eastern and northern states, and where the sweet cherry 
(Hearts and Bigarreaus) succeed, one need have no hesitation in making large 
plantings of my hardy budded and grafted trees. These trees are doing well in 
the lake region, from New York to Michigan; also in Mass, and Conn., as well 
as farther south, and mature their nuts well in the short seasons of these north¬ 
ern states, but on the heavy black lands from southern Indiana westward, their 
success is irregular and uncertain. The trees are doing well in Kentucky and 
in the Ozark mountains in Mo. and Ark. and should do well in Okla. Contrary 
to my earlier expectations, my grafted varieties of the English walnut are do- 
,r jtf WC M * n S. C., Ga., and Ala. and it is believed the hardy, late vegetating, 
Maycttc and hranquette will prove to be a profitable commercial proposition in 
these states. 
THE HYBRID HILKORY, Beaver, Lancy, Fairbanks and Siers, being 
hybrids of tlic shagbark and bitternut, adapt themselves easily to a great 
variety of soils and climatic conditions. The bitternut hickory, one of the 
parents, is the most widely distributed of all our hickories according to Dr. 
Sargent of the Arnold Arboretum, and he says it is found growing naturally 
from I he St. Lawrence River on the north to Florida on the south and west¬ 
ward to northeastern Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas. The pure shagbark 
is strictly a northern species and does not grow very far south except along 
the mountain ranges, but these hybrids should succeed well into the Cotton 
Belt at least, if not to the Gulf Coast. 
1HE EUROPEAN FILBERT can be grown any where the English 
walnut succeeds except that it is not a reliable cropper very far south, accord¬ 
ing to data available. *1 he filbert must be trained to tree form for best 
results and several varieties planted together, as no single variety has proven 
self pollinating. 
1HE RUSH HAZEL, being a native species, should succeed any where 
the wild hazel grows, which is over a large part of the U. S. and includes 
all the eastern, western and northern states, at least east of the Rockies. 
THE NATIVE PERSIMMON is of very wide natural distribution also 
and the grafted varieties that I am growing are doing fine here, as well as 
westward in Iowa and Nebraska. This is considered a southern fruit, but 
it grows in a wild or natural state as far north as Pennsylvania, Illinois and 
Southern Iowa, and the varieties I am propagating here will doubtless succeed 
considerably farther north. 
