September, 1918 
37 
Massed immediately in 
front of this set of shrubs 
—where they receive the 
needed shade, and where 
they may rest unobserved 
after their period of 
bloom is over—are the 
wild spring flowers. Here 
the bloodroot gleams 
white in the recess; he- 
paticas disclose their pas¬ 
tel shades of pink and 
blue against the dark red 
leathery leaves; trillium, 
above a dense mass of 
dark green foliage, erects 
its large, pure white 
flowers; the spotted heads 
of the yellow erythroni- 
um nod their heads in 
company with the pink 
buds and sky-blue 
flowers of the Virginia 
cowslip, and the foam 
flower makes an attrac¬ 
tive setting for the laven¬ 
der blue of the wild 
phlox. The grass is pow¬ 
dered with drifts of 
bluets, mingled with the 
large blossoms of the 
field violet, comparable 
in size and color with the 
most expensive blooms 
supplied by the florist, 
but scentless; and their 
intense blue combines 
well with the gold-edged 
scarlet blossoms of the 
wild columbine and the 
clear orange yellow of the 
celandine, both of which 
are near the statue. 
Though woodland 
flowers, all these often 
survive in old meadows 
long after the trees have 
been cut down, proving 
their adaptability to con¬ 
ditions. The flowers of 
summer will spring up in 
front of them and hide 
the spaces void of color 
by their passing. In the 
midst of all this delicacy 
of spring, yet one more 
vivid effect we have down 
by the brook, the golden 
marsh marigold. It loves 
to grow right in the 
water, but may thrive in 
garden beds. 
In Early Summer 
As spring merges into 
the first flush of summer 
there appear the white 
blossoms of the choke- 
berry. There are two 
varieties of this shrub, 
having respectively red 
and black berries, but it 
should also be planted 
for its bloom, the pink 
stamens of the flat-topped 
flower clusters being sug¬ 
gestive of the hawthorne 
or pear blossoms. The 
viburnums also present 
numerous clusters of 
small white flowers in 
PLANTING LIST for A GARDEN of WILD 
FLOWERS, TREES and SHRUBS 
TREES AND SHRUBS 
SPRING 
1. Tsuga canadensis, American hemlock: tree, to 60'; 
shrub-like when young. 
2. Juniperus communis, dwarf juniper: l'-4'. Taxus 
canadensis, American yew, ground hemlock: red 
berries, l'-4'. 
3. Amelanchier botryapium, shad bush or June berry: 
shrub or small tree, fl. April and May. 
4. Betula populifolia, gray birch: small tree, 20'-30'. 
5. Populus tremuloides , aspen: small tree, rarely to 
50'. 
5%. Salix discolor, pussy willow: small tree or shrub, 
to 20'. 
6. Cercis canadensis, Judas tree: small tree, flat head, 
flowers before the leaves; April-May. 
7. Seedling apple trees planted for bloom. 
8. Magnolia glauca, rose bay: shrub, cream white 
flowers. May. 
SUMMER , , 
9. Azalea viscosa, clammy white azalea: shrub 4'-6', 
fragrant, June, July. 
10. Rosa blanda, early wild rose: low shrub, l'-4 , 
single pink, June-July. 
11. Rubus odoratus, flowering raspberry: shrub 3'-5 , 
flowers showy rose-purple, May-September. 
12. Sambucus canadensis, elder: shrub 5'-15', fl. 
white, June-August. Edible fruit. 
13. Aronia arbutifolia, red chokeberry: shrub, 12', fl. 
May-June, red fruit. Aronia nigra, black choke- 
berry: shrub, lower, fl. May-June, fruit black. 
AUTUMN 
14. Viburnum dentatum, arrow-wood: shrub 6'-10', fl. 
white, June-July, fruit dark blue, foliage bronze 
red in autumn. 
15. Viburnum acerifolium. Dockmackie, maple-leaved 
viburnum: shrub 3'-6', fl. white, June, fruit 
deep purple, foliage dull red, rose pink and 
cream-white. 
16. Viburnum cassinoides, withe rod: shrub 2'-12 , fl. 
white, June-July, fruit pale green, rose and 
blue-black, foliage purple turning to rich red. 
17. Rhus glabra, smooth sumach: small tree or shrub, 
fl. red, June-August, foliage intense flaming red 
in autumn. 
18. Vaccinium corymbosum, high bush blueberry: shrub, 
6'-15', fl. May-June, fruit, July-August, leaves 
scarlet and orange in autumn. 
19. Ilex verticillata, black alder, northern holly: shrub. 
5'-10fl. small, May-June, fruit red, Septem¬ 
ber, persisting until late. 
20. Hamamelis virginiana, witch-hazel: shrub 10'-15', 
fl. yellow, November. 
FLOWERS 
SPRING 
21 . 
22 . 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
Sanguinaria canadensis, blood-root: white, early 
April-mid-May, 8". 
Hepatica triloba, liver leaf: pink, white, blue, 
violet, late April-early May, 4"-6". 
Erythronium Americanum, yellow adder’s tongue: 
late April-May, 6". 
Mertensia virginica, Virginia cowslip: conspicuous 
pale blue, pink buds, late April-late May, 1 -2'. 
Trillium grandiflorum, large-flowered wake-robin: 
white, May-June. 9"-12". 
Phlox divaricate, wild phlox: lavender-blue, April- 
June, 10"-18". 
Tiarella cordifolia, foam flower; white, April-May, 
6 "- 12 ". 
Aquilcgia canadensis, wild columbine: scarlet, late 
April-mid-June, l'-2'. 
Chelidonium majus, celandine: yellow, Aprll-Sep- 
ternber, 12"-18". 
30. 
31. 
32. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
52. 
53. 
54. 
55. 
56. 
58. 
59. 
60. 
Houstonia coerulea , bluets: violet-blue or white. 
May-early June, 3"-6". . 
Viola palmata, var. cucullata, common blue violet: 
late April-May, 2"-6". 
Veratrum viride, false hellebore, Indian hemp: 
striking foliage, flowers small, green, June, 
2'-7'. 
Caltha palmtris, marsh marigold: yellow, April- 
May, l'-2\ 
Iris versicolor, large blue flag: late May-June. 
l'-3'. 
SUMMER 
Lupinus perennis, wild blue lupine: June-July. 
1 '-2 
Lilium canadense, Canada lily: orange yellow 
spotted blown, June-July, l'-4'. 
Dicksonia punctiloba, hay-scented fern: 2'-3'. 
Osmunda regalis, royal fern: 3'-4'. 
Linaria vulgaris, toad flax, butter-and-eggs: yellow. 
June-September, l'-3'. 
Genista tinctoria. Dyer's green-weed, woad waxen: 
yellow pea-like fl. late June-July, 3'. 
Verbascum Olympicum, mullein: yellow, most con¬ 
spicuous variety, July, 6'-10'. 
Improved tariety, the most conspicuous mullein. 
Thalictrum flavum, meadow rue: creamy white, 
July-August, 2'-4'. 
Rudbeckia speciosa, showy coneflower, black-eyed 
Susan: deep yellow, brown center, July-August, 
r-3'. 
Asclepias tuberosa, butterfly weed: reddish orange, 
early July-early August, 2'-3'. 
Artemisia pontica, Roman worm-wood, southernwood: 
aromatic, grayish foliage, 1'. Not wild but 
thrives in dry soil. 
Daucus caro'ta, wild carrot. Queen Anne's lace: 
whit, July-September, l'-2 . 
Eupatorivm ageratoides, white snake-root: small 
flowers in masses, spreading, August-September, 
3'-5'. 
Cichorium intybtis, wild chicory: sky blue, August- 
September, 2'-4'. 
Rudbeckia purpurea, purple coneflower: dull 
purplish pink, brown centers, July-August, 
2'-3V. 
Not wild but looks suitable. 
Hibiscus Moscheutos, swamp rose mallow: large 
pink flowers, August-September, 3'-5'. 
Eupatorium purpureum, Joe-pye weed: dull purple 
pink, tall heads, late July-early September, 
5'-7\ 
Monarda didyma, bee balm; red, ragged heads, aro¬ 
matic, mid-June-early September, l%'-2%'. 
Native plant, but one commonly grown in 
gardens. 
Lobelia cardinalis. cardinal flower: scarlet red, 
July-August, 2 -3'. 
AUTUMN 
Aster ericoides, white heath aster: wand-like 
branches, tiny white flowers, August-September, 
1 '- 2 '. 
Aster patens, late purple aster: bluish violet, 
September, l'-2'. 
Aster Novae-Angliae, New England aster: deep 
royal purple, mid-August,late September, 3'-7'. 
Hclenium autumnale, sneeze-weed: yellow, Septem- 
ber-October, 2'-7'. Native plant, but prized in 
gardens. 
Solidago canadensis, golden rod: yellow, late July- 
early October,. 2'-5'. 
Apios tuberosa, wild bean: trailing plant, fragrant, 
dark red or chocolate flowers, June-August. 
Clematis virginiana. Virgin's bower, climbing 
vine, white flowers July-August, silvery seed 
vessels, September. 
early summer; and in 
early July the shade of 
the hemlocks near the 
niche is perfumed by the 
white azalea. In the 
comparatively wet place 
near the brook is planted 
the elder, whose large 
white panicles of bloom 
form an attractive back¬ 
ground for the low wild 
rose of single pink. 
In June the wild blue 
flag thrives at the brook- 
side and alike in the gar¬ 
den; its flowers, smaller 
of course than the Ger¬ 
man varieties, blend har¬ 
moniously with the wild 
blue lupine, which has 
been relegated to a dry 
part of the garden. These 
plants resent being 
moved; but if the seed is 
collected from the wild 
plants as soon as it rip¬ 
ens, and is sown in the 
permanent spots allotted 
them, they will bloom the 
following year. 
Balanced Planting 
Although the spirit of 
the garden is informal a 
certain amount of bal¬ 
ance observed in the ar¬ 
rangement of the more 
striking floral forms is in 
keeping with the design 
of the turf panel. With 
this in view, Indian 
hemp is placed in four 
conspicuous clumps, 
where its large, pleated 
green leaves give height 
very early in the spring. 
The corners next the 
shrubs are filled with 
woodsy looking clumps 
of meadow rue, whose 
creamy fringe-like 
flowers last about a 
month, but whose foliage 
lasts all summer. Ferns 
are scattered irregularly 
in shady places between 
the shrubs and early wild 
flowers, where their 
coiled leaves push up at 
the first approach of 
spring. Mulleins stand 
forth in bold balanced 
clumps at the corners, 
their large spikes of sul¬ 
phur yellow flowers ton¬ 
ing effectively with the 
wooly gray leaves — a 
tone of gray repeated by 
the aromatic southern¬ 
wood near the entrance. 
Though a garden plant, 
the latter will thrive un¬ 
der trying conditions. 
Almost anything will 
grow in spring when the 
earth is full of moisture, 
but as summer comes on, 
plants adapted to dry soil 
do best. The colors 
must be carefully ar- 
(Continued on page 60) 
