VARIETIES 
Turkey. Turkey is the name most commonly 
used for the Crimean group of hard winter 
wheats grown in the United States. The ori¬ 
ginal home of the variety is in the area of 
Russia north and east of the Black Sea and 
north of the Caucasus mountains. First in¬ 
troductions of this wheat into the United 
States were made by Russian Mennonite im¬ 
migrants who settled in the middle Great 
Plains, chiefly Kansas, in the early seventies. 
Each family is said to have brought over a bu¬ 
shel or more of Crimean wheat for seed and 
from this seed was grown the first crops of 
hard winter wheat in this country. Turkey 
is winter hardy and drouth resistant and is 
considered well adapted to the entire hard 
winter wheat area. The variety has always 
been popular with millers as a bread wheat. 
Turkey has been grown under many dif¬ 
ferent names, a few of which are: Turkey Red, 
Crimean, Kharkof, Malakof, Red Russian and 
Defiance. 
Blackhull. Blackhull was originated by Earl 
G. Clark of Sedgwick, Kansas as a selection 
from a field of Turkey made in 1912. The va¬ 
riety was first distributed in the fall of 1917. 
The variety is quite similar to Turkey in 
growth characteristics. Except under certain 
unfavorable weather conditions, the chaff of 
Blackhull shows black strips on the surface, or 
sometimes are almost entirely black. The va¬ 
riety is a few days earlier than Turkey. It is 
considered less winter hardy than Turkey,, but 
will stand average Oklahoma winters without 
difficulty. At one time the variety was criti¬ 
cized severely by millers who complained re¬ 
garding the quality of gluten of the variety. 
At the present time millers do not discrimin¬ 
ate against Blackhull. 
A strain of the original Blackhull, known as 
Clark’s Superhard Blackhull, was placed upon 
the market in 1926 by Earl G. Clark of Sedg¬ 
wick, Kansas. Mr. Clark states that the strain 
is a selection from the original Blackhull which 
was made beginning in 1921. Experiment sta¬ 
tion trials have never indicated any superior¬ 
ity of this strain over the original variety. 
Early Blackhull was selected from a field 
of Blackhull in 1921 by A. P. Haeberle of Clear¬ 
water, Kansas. The variety is eight days 
earlier and somewhat shorter than Blackhull. 
In normal seasons Early Blackhull may be ex¬ 
pected to yield less than Blackhull. Reports of 
western growers indicate that good yields were 
obtained from Early Blackhull in seasons of 
extreme drouth when other varieties were near 
failure. 
Cheyenne. Cheyenne is the progeny of a plant 
selection from Crimean in 1922 at the Nebras¬ 
ka Experiment Station, Lincoln, Nebraska. The 
variety was distributed to farmers in 1930 as 
Nebraska No. 50 and named Cheyenne in 1933. 
The variety has yielded well in western Okla¬ 
homa variety tests. It has a stiff straw and is 
resistant to shattering and has proved popu¬ 
lar for harvesting with a combine. It is a fair 
milling wheat. 
OF WHEAT 
Tenmarq. Tenmarq was produced from a hy¬ 
brid between Marquis and a pedigreed selection 
made from a Turkey introduction. The ori¬ 
ginal cross was made in 1917 at Manhattan, 
Kansas and the plant selection now known as 
Tenmarq was made by Dr. J. H. Parker in 
1921. The new variety was released for com¬ 
mercial distribution in 1932. The variety has 
proved popular with millers as a beard wheat. 
Numerous tests of the variety have proved it 
to be a good yielder, nonshattering, and stands 
well for combining. 
Eagle Chief. Eagle Chief is described as a 
mixture or a segregating population from a 
field cross of Turkey and Fulcaster or some 
other soft wheat. Eagle Chief was increased 
from plant selections made by C. H. Hyde 
of Alva, Oklahoma in 1920. At that time Mr. 
Hyde was growing a Turkey introduction known 
as Kharkof. The seed was increased until 
1927 at which time it was distributed commer¬ 
cially by Mr. Hyde. 
Fulcaster. The early history of Fulcaster is 
quite obscure. Many names have been used 
for wheat similar to Fulcaster. An early au¬ 
thority states that it was produced in 1886 and 
is the result of a hybrid between Fultz, a smooth 
wheat, and Lancaster, a bearded wheat. Ful¬ 
caster is a bearded, soft, red winter variety 
with whitish chaff and purplish straw at ma¬ 
turity. It is a popular variety throughout the 
soft, red winter wheat growing area from east¬ 
ern Oklahoma and Kansas to Maryland and 
Virginia. The variety has been grown under 
many different names, a few of which are: 
Dietz Longberry, Marvelous, Millennium, Mi¬ 
racle, Peck, Half Bushel. 
Kawvale. Kawvale is an original selection 
made in 1918 from Indiana swamp at the Kan¬ 
sas Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas 
by Dr. J. H. Parker. The variety was released 
for distribution in the fall of 1932. It is con¬ 
sidered to be a high yielding variety and re¬ 
sistant to leaf rust and Hessian fly attack. The 
variety has proved popular in its introduction 
into northeastern Oklahoma. 
Harvest Queen. The early history of the va¬ 
riety is not definitely known. Mr. E. S. Mar¬ 
shall of De Soto, Kansas selected a tall pro¬ 
mising stool of wheat from some other variety 
in 1895, increased it in 1896 and named it 
Harvest Queen in 1897. It is a beardless, soft 
red winter variety with whitish chaff and tall, 
bright, strong straw. It is considered medium 
late in time of maturity. The variety has been 
grown and sold under different names and is 
often referred to as Queen. Harvest Queen is 
one of the leading varieties of soft wheat in the 
Kansas-Oklahoma area and is quite common 
in the soft wheat area of north central Okla¬ 
homa. 
