l^American-Grown Rqsgs —Bohhinh <§v4tkins 
Cultivation and Protection 
Roses need continuous cultivation. Keep the 
soil stirred, so that it does not cake about them, 
but do not cultivate deeper than 2 inches. 
Water thoroughly when the Roses are planted. 
This means that the ground ought to be soaked 
to the depth of the planting. During the growing 
season a real, thorough watering once a week will 
help. Do not “sprinkle” and think you are 
watering. Soak the' ground when you do water, 
and then do not again water until the surface is 
quite dry. 
Protect from bugs and bothers by spraying 
with bordeaux mixture (see any good Rose book 
for details) several times prior to June 30, begin¬ 
ning while the plants are dormant. If the green 
aphis or plant louse comes, spray with a solution of 
Ivory or other soap, or with a weak solution of 
some nicotine preparation, like “Black-Leaf 40.” 
Very good results have followed the use of a 
mulch of about 3 inches of tobacco stems, the 
refuse from cigar factories. The earth is kept 
cool and the aphis repelled. 
The dreaded “black spot” is less likely to 
bother our outdoor-grown, husky Roses than 
those that have been greenhouse infected. Pick 
up and burn all dropped leaves, cultivate thor¬ 
oughly, cut flowers with liberal stems, and vig¬ 
orous growth will act as the best protection 
against insects and diseases. 
The 1922 American Rose Annual prints in its 
complete article on rose insects and diseases a 
dependable treatment for “black spot.” Before 
the disease appears, the plants are to be dusted 
(using a “dust gun”) with a mixture of nine parts 
dusting sulphur to one part powdered lead 
arsenate, and this treatment, repeated each three 
Captain Hayward. See page 37 
weeks during the summer, will also protect 
against powdery mildew and certain insects. 
When winter comes and the ground has frozen, 
Hybrid Tea and Tea Roses need protection 
against the sun and the thawing of warm winter 
days. Evergreen boughs are ideal for this pro¬ 
tection. In severe climates Roses are protected 
by covering with earth, and sometimes by also 
covering with boards to shed water. 
The Hybrid Perpetuals are hardy, as are most 
of the Climbers, but a little protection is alto¬ 
gether worth while for all of them. In this matter, 
as in other matters of Rose prosperity, association 
with other Rose-lovers is invaluable. Join the 
American Rose Society, read its Annuals, and 
talk with the Rose friends you will find in your 
vicinity. It is worth while. 
Using Cut Roses 
To get the full value of the cut flowers, Roses 
should be cut when the bud is half opened, using 
a sharp scissors, knife, or pruning-shears, and 
taking as long a stem as possible without muti¬ 
lating the bush or removing the young buds 
which will later develop. It is best to cut either 
in the cool of the evening or in early morning, 
plunging the stems deeply into a vase filled with 
water, which should be left for an hour at least 
in a cool, dark place. 
Suggestions for Fall Planting of Roses 
Upon receipt of the plants, open the bundle 
and give them a thorough watering, or immerse 
the plants in a pail or tub of water for a few hours. 
Do not allow plants to be exposed to sun and 
wind. After removing them from the water, cut 
away roots that may be broken or damaged. 
Prepare the soil as before directed. In plant¬ 
ing, dig a hole sufficiently large to accom¬ 
modate the roots when spread out on the 
bottom of the hole, the same as you would spread 
your hand on a flat surface. In filling in the soil, 
shake the plant lightly in order that the soil may 
mix between the roots, then fill in the soil and 
firm it in order that the plant may be solid. Be 
sure to see that the lower parts of the lower 
branches are below the surface of the soil. 
Before cold weather sets in and the frost enters 
the ground, mound the soil around the branches 
of the plant to a height of at least 8 to 12 inches, 
and then cover with loose fitter. This will prevent 
the wind and sun drying the branches during the 
winter. At the proper time in the spring, remove 
the soil and cut back the branches to within 4 
to 6 inches of the ground. 
In the cultivation of Roses, the soil cannot be 
too tight at the roots and too loose on the surface. 
In the spring, the soil should be removed and 
the branches of the plant cut back to within 4 to 
6 inches of the ground. A calm day during a dull 
or rainy period should be chosen, as the wood will 
suffer very much if exposed to the sun and wind 
after being uncovered. 
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