74 
Genus FREDERICELLA, Gervais. 
1857. Allman, Mon. Fresh-Water Polyzoa, p. 110. 
1887. Kraepelin. Deutsch. Süsswasser-Bryozoen I, p. 99. 
1909. Goddard, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales XXXIV, p. 489. 
1911. Annandale, Faun. Brit. Ind. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids 
and Polyzoa, p. 208. 
Fredericella sultana (Blumenbach), subsp, jordanica, Annandale. 
1913. Fredericella sultana jordanica, Annandale, Journ. As. Soc 
Bengal (n. s.) IX, p. 223, pi. vii, figs. 1, la, 1b, 1c 
Two specimens on the stems of waterplants from the Jeruslan river 
belong to the race I have recently described from Palestine. It is distin- 
guished from the typical European race (which also occurs in the Western 
Himalayas) by the following characters: - 
1. The colony never forms long free branches; 
2. the ectocyst is devoid of pigment except at certain points in the 
oldest parts of old colonies. At these points it may be very dark in co- 
lour and considerably thickened; 
3. the zooecia are never circular in cross-section but always posses 
а well-defined keel and furrow on the dorsal surface. 
In my account of this form I pointed out the apparent analogy bet- 
ween the production of resting buds („hibernacula“) in the Paludicellidae 
and the formation of areas with thickned ectocyst in it. Since my notes 
were published, or rather almost simultaneously with their publication, 
Dr. Harmer’s l ) very interesting observations on the production of hiber¬ 
nacula in Paludicella have appeared. He proves clearly that these bodies 
do not, as was hitherto supposed, represent external buds with thickened 
walls but are produced inside zooecia. His Statements are fully confirmed 
by my own observations on Victorelia bengalensis, although I did not 
realize the full significance of these observations at the time. Figure 1 on 
page 199 of volume I of the Records of the Indian Museum 2 ) repre 
sents а preparation in which а young hibernaculum—the term in its lite¬ 
ral significance is inappropriate with respect to Indian species, for they 
are produced at the beginning of the hot season—being formed in the 
basal part of а zooecium; it already possessed а thin horny coat The 
analogy between the thickened ectocyst of parts of the zoarium of F. sul¬ 
tana jordanica and the horny coat of the hibernacula ofthe Paludicellidae 
is therefore less close than I thought. 
J ) Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913, pt. III, pl. LXII, figs. 1 to 10. 
2 ) This figure is reproduced on page 190 (as Flg. 37 A.) of my volume in the Fanna 
of British India, on p. 170 of which is figured part of а colony of the same species entirely 
transformed into hibernacula. 
