76 
A. Basal part of zooecia pigmented, distal part colourless and hya¬ 
line; statoblasts broad; swim-ring not or barely broader at the ends than 
at the sides._____....._ P. caespitosa. 
B. No part of the zooecium deeply pigmented; statoblasts moderately 
broad; swim-ring distinctly-broader at the ends than at the sides_ 
___ _ _P. auricomis. 
Plumatella fungosa (Pallas). 
,л - . 
1768. Tubularia fungosa, Pallas, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sei. Imp. Pet- 
ropolit XII, p. 565, pl. XIV. 
1816, Alcyonella stagnorum, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert. (1—er. ed.) 
II, p. 102. 
1857. Alcyonella fungosa, Allman, op. cit., p. 87, pl. III. 
1887. Plumatella polymorpha var. fungosa, Kraepelin, op. cit., p. 
1890. Plumatella fungosa, Braem, Unters, ii. Bryozoen d. süssen 
Wassers (Bibi. Zool. II.), p. 3, pl. II, figs. 16-20, etc. 
1911. Plumatella fungosa, Annandale, op. cit. p. 214. 
1913. Plumatella fungosa, Harmer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London III p. 449 t 
Several specimens, or rather fragments of specimens, in the Collec¬ 
tion represent the typical form of this species; they are from the Jeruslan 
river and from the Ural river near Orenburg. 
Braem (1890) has clearly demonstrated the differences between P. fun~ 
gosa and P. repens, of which some regard it as а variety. Harmer (1913), 
following hirn, regards Plumatella eoralloides of Allman as а variety of 
the former, whereas I have treated it (1911) as а phase of the same au- 
thor’s P. fruticosa. А careful study of Allman’s original description and 
of the figures and text of the more detailed account in his monograph 
makes me think that both. views are possibly correct in so far as it it 
probable that Allman confused two very similar but not actually related 
forms. If so, both names may stand, as follows: 
Plumatella fruticosa phase eoralloides, Allman and Plumatella fun¬ 
gosa var. eoralloides, Braem. 
In Braem’s variety, which was originally described from Germany 
and also occurs not uncommonly in England, the zooecia are not so clo- 
sely compacted together as in the typical form, while the external surface 
is much less smooth and uniform. It lives independently attached to weeds, 
etc., whereas the phase of P. fruticosa owes its peculiarities to the fact 
that it is embedded in а growing sponge. 
P. fungosa is widely distributed in Europe and occurs also in North 
America. А form closely allied to, if not identical with, it has been des¬ 
cribed by Braem г ) from Issyk-Kul in Central Asia, but the species is 
not known to occur in any tropical locality. 
x ) Trans. Soc. Nat. St. Petersb. XLIL p. 5. Figs. (1911). 
