been found only in the central part of the Palaearctic Region and in Japan; 
possibly it is а true Eastern Palaearctic form belonging to the fauna of 
Central and North-Eastern Asia. Two Polyzoa recorded from the Volga 
(P. auricomis and the race jordanica of the cosmopolitan species Fre- 
dericella sultana) have recently been described from Palestine and are as 
yet unknown either from Europe or from tropical Asia. P. fungosa is а 
species widely distributed in Europe and North America; it was originally 
described from Russia and either а race or а closely allied form is known 
to occur in Central Asia. As а species it is probably Holarctic in ränge. 
The last species in the Volga Collection (P. caespitosa) was hitherto known 
from England and Germany and may be а true European form. 
Observations on the distribution of the Phylactolaemata must neces- 
sarily be—in the existing uncertainty as to specific limits and our present 
ignorance of the distribution outside Europe of many common forms—of а 
somewhat speculative natuie; but it is perhaps not too much to say, in 
view of the Statements made above, that the Phylactolaematous fauna of 
the Volga is probably transitionary between that of Europe and that of 
Central and North-Eastern Asia. The latter fauna is, howewer, still practi- 
cally unknown outside Japan, the freshwater Polyzoa of which have been 
studied hy Oka '). 
h Journ. Coli. Sei. Imp. Univ. Tokyo IV, pt. i (1890), Annot. Zool. Jap. VI, p 
115 (1907) and p. 277 (1908)! 
