April, ’23] 
STEARNS & HOUGH: SPREADER TESTS 
199 
gallons of water to be applied: (1) when the cluster buds are pink, (2) 
when the petals are falling, (3) two weeks after petal fall and Bordeaux 
mixture, the 4-5-50 formula, and 1 pound of powdered lead arsenate to 
50 gallons of the solution, (4) four weeks after petal fall and (5) ten 
weeks after petal fall. 
The experiment was planned to include four tests, all varieties occur¬ 
ring in each. Test or Plot 1 was to receive all summer applications as 
scheduled without a spreader; plot 2, a casein spreader in the “two 
weeks” application; plot 3, a casein spreader in all applications; plot 4, 
a flour-paste spreader in all applications. Casein (Kayso) 2 was used 
at the recommended rate of pounds, and flour-paste (Magnet Dry 
Paste) 3 , 3 pounds to 200 gallons of spray solution. 
The spray outfit at Ophir Orchard was a 200 gallon Friend equipped 
with two rods bearing four nozzles each, and a pressure averaging 
better than 200 pounds was maintained in all applications. In the 
Kinzel Orchard, a Hardy “Big Three” equipped with two single-nozzle 
guns was used; the pressure maintained varied from 250 to 300 pounds. 
In both cases, one lead was operated from the tower and the other on the 
ground. The spray materials were mixed by the writers, and the appli¬ 
cations made by the regular orchard force under their supervision. 
At picking time, each variety was graded separately, and the results 
tabulated. The variation in the amounts of injury in the several plots 
within varieties was found to be so uniform that the complete results 
have been summarized by plots in Table 1. 
Table 1—Results of Tests With Casein and Flour-Paste Spreaders on Apples, 
Virginia, 1922 
Plot 1 
10,421 
Apples 
Plot 2 
10,949 
Apples 
Plot 3 
12,680 
Apples 
Plot 4 
11,134 
Apples 
Type 
Regular Treat- 
Casein Spreader 
Casein Spreader 
Flour-Paste 
of Injury 
ment 
in One Appli- 
in All Appli- 
Spreader in All 
No Spreader 
cation Only 
cations 
Applications 
No. 
% 
No. 
% 
No. 
% 
No. 
% 
Codiins' Moth. 
12 
.12 
109 
.99 
51 
.40 
37 
.33 
Leaf Roller, Bud Moth 
100 
.96 
293 
2.67 
270 
2.13 
167 
1.49 
Curculio. 
614 
5.89 
351 
3.20 
312 
2.46 
279 
2.50 
Scab. 
Black Rot 
811 
7.78 
1349 
12.32 
1266 
9.98 
1255 
11.27 
Bitter Rot. 
269 
2.58 
489 
4.46 
242 
1.90 
310 
2.78 
Spray Burn. 
Plot Averages. 
51 
.49 
2.97 
5 
.04 
3.94 
23 
.18 
2.84 
24 
.21 
3.09 
It is apparent from the resu 1 o in Table 1 that as far as insect and 
disease injury is concerned the spray without a spreader gave equally as 
2 Kayso—California Central Creameries, 277 Broadway, New York City. 
3 Magnet Dry Paste—Penn Paste Milling Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 
