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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
fVol. 16 
efficient protection to the fruit as the spray with either of the spreaders 
added. There is no appreciable difference in the relative amount of 
injury in the several plots. 
Foliage Observations. The suggestion has been made that some 
spreaders, on account of their protein content, might provide a medium 
in the spray solution in which disease spores could germinate. An 
examination of 3,000 leaves selected at random, 1,000 from each of the 
three plots of the York Imperial variety, failed to show that this actually 
occurred to any extent. In the case of Rust , (Gymnosporangium juni¬ 
per i-Virginian ae) , the percent of infested leaves was as follows: no 
spreader, 22.5 percent; casein, 22.6 percent; flour-paste, 22.7 percent; 
again, in the case of Frogeye, (Physalospora cydoniae ),: no spreader, 2.1 
percent; casein, 1.9 percent; flour-paste, 1.0 percent. It is impossible 
to conclude, therefore, that the addition of the spreaders either in¬ 
creased or decreased the fungicidal value of the spray with respect to the 
fungi on the foliage. 
The general condition of the foliage in all plots and on all varieties 
revealed nothing in favor of the use of either spreader. Of course, the 
dried spray material was more apparent where casein and flour-paste 
were used, but the more conspicuous and apparently more uniform 
spray covering failed to provide a better protection for the foliage. 
Tests with Casein Spreader on Peaches 
The information in this particular is incident to the Oriental Fruit 
Moth project of the Crop Pest Commission. Spraying operations in the 
experimental control of this insect in 1922 were conducted in the Chilcott 
Orchard at Vienna. This is a young apple orchard interplanted with 
peaches of the Carman, Hiley, Belle and Elberta varieties, of which 1,600 
are now in bearing. 
The regular summer treatment given in this orchard is as follows: 
(1) 2 to 8 days after petal fall, 4 pounds of powdered lead arsenate and 
16 pounds of hydrated lime to 200 gallons of water; (2) 3 weeks after 1, 
the same again with 20 pounds of atomic sulphur added; (3) one month 
before fruit ripens, 20 pounds of atomic sulphur to 200 gallons of water. 
In this experiment, four of the test plots in which all varieties were 
represented gave results pertinent to the effectiveness of casein as a 
spreader. Test or Plot 1 received the regular treatment without a 
spreader; plot 2, a casein spreader in all applications; plot 3, nicotine 
sulphate 40% in all applications; plot 4, nicotine sulphate 40% and 
