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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 16 
the best grades of liquid lime sulphur. As a result of this work the lubricating oil 
will be generally used in southern Illinois during the coming year. 
During the past three seasons orchards in southern Illinois have been 
severely damaged by San Jose Scale. This damage extends over the 
corresponding orchard districts in neighboring states in the Mississippi 
Valley, but does not reach north of the 40th degree of north latitude in 
Illinois. More than one thousand acres of commercial orchard in 
Illinois alone have been killed in the last two years, and severe losses to 
fruit have also resulted. 
There are more than 40 thousand acres of orchard in southern Illinois. 
While a number of these are far from being well sprayed there are many 
growers who make every attempt to keep their orchards free from 
insects and disease, using up to date equipment and following the method 
of control advocated by state and federal authorities. A number of 
these men are University graduates, and are thoroly familiar with the 
theoretical as well as the practical side of spraying. These men have 
suffered nearly as heavily as have the poorer class of orchardists. In 
fact, at the present time there is not one grower in fifty in southern 
Illinois who feels satisfied with lime sulphur for controlling the San Jose 
Scale. Whatever the Entomologist may think, it is practically useless 
to advise these men to continue spraying with lime sulphur, although we 
have a few cases where severe San Jose Scale infestation has been 
cleaned up by thoro applications during the past two years, using com¬ 
mercial liquid lime sulphur. 
Owing to the above conditions a series of experiments, under the 
direct charge of Mr. S. C. Chandler, was started at Olney Illinois in the 
spring of 1922. In these experiments commercial lime sulphur was 
compared with Spramulsion, Pratt’s Scalecide, Diamond paraffin oil 
emulsion, Soluble sulphur and dry lime sulphur. The trees selected for 
the experimental work were twenty-five year old Ben Davis and Grimes 
Golden, in a large commercial orchard which had been sprayed with 
lime sulphur for the past ten seasons and which was at the time of the 
experiments very heavily infested with scale, about thirty acres in one 
part of the orchard having been killed by the scale. The experimental 
plots were five trees long by four trees wide and the results of the treat¬ 
ment were taken from the center trees in the block. The trees were 
sprayed on March 28th and April 4th with the wind from the south on the 
first day and from the north on the last. As thoro covering of the trees 
as possible was made on both days. From twenty to twenty-two 
gallons of material was used per tree. 
