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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 16 
an area of 100 square feet, or at the rate of gallon per square foot. 
The grub mortality was 95% with this concentration. 
A lower concentration of solution was not sufficiently effective. On 
the other hand the grass was not injured by an application of 1,000 cc. 
per barrel applied at the rate of 1 gallon per square foot. Some injury 
occurred when 1,500 and 2,000 cc. concentrations were employed. In 
a few days after treatment with the proper concentration, the grass 
assumes a vivid green similar to that secured by an application of sodium 
nitrate. 
The liquid is best applied when the turf of the green is fairly dry, since 
the soil is then in a condition to absorb the liquid with the minimum of 
run-off. The turf should not be flooded with the liquid. It should be 
applied lightly and allowed to soak in, and the operation repeated until 
the stipulated amount of liquid has been applied. Heavy applications 
applied hurriedly will cause injury to the grass and result in an uneven 
grub kill due to run-off of the liquid. 
In this connection the past season’s work has demonstrated the fact 
that application of the solution to the turf by means of rubber hose, 
manipulated by workmen, is unsatisfactory, due to unevenness of ap¬ 
plication with consequent flooding and run-off, and the damage caused 
by the incessant walking on the wet turf. 
Under these circumstances future experimental work will consist in 
devising a means of automatically applying the liquid to the green. A 
modified portable overhead irrigation apparatus seems to be the most 
feasible method. 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE AS A CONTROL FOR LEAFHOPPERS 
By F. A. Fenton and J. H. Trundy Entomology Section, Iowa State College 
Abstract 
Tests conducted with home-made Bordeaux Mixture, 4-4-50 formula and also 
with three proprietary preparations of this compound, indicate that these spray 
materials are toxic to the nymphs of at least one common and injurious cicadellid, 
namely: Empoasca mail Le B. They also are apparently toxic to the nymphs of 
three other species of leafhoppers, namely: Empoa rosae Linn, Erythroneura comes 
Say, and E. tricincta Fitch. The young nymphs are more susceptible to the action 
of the Bordeaux than the older ones, while the adults, although they are repelled 
from plants sprayed with this preparation, are not affected when forced to feed 
from treated leaves. Bordeaux mixture should therefore be classed as a specific 
insecticide for certain species of leafhoppers. 
