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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 16 
The matter of the weevils passing through the macaroni press depends 
upon how much pressure the egg could withstand while in the dough. 
Further than this the egg must of course have remained unhatched from 
the time when the wheat was milled until the semolina was made into 
macaroni, unless the weevils were in the semolina and laid their eggs 
there. All of these questions were taken into consideration in the 
following experiments. 
Part of the work was done at the North Dakota Agricultural Experi¬ 
ment Station because of its facilities for milling semolina. The making 
of the macaroni was done at a factory in Minneapolis. The rest of the 
work was done in the laboratories of the Division of Entomology at the 
Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Every step in these 
experiments was under the personal supervision of the author from the 
time the wheat was first obtained until the macaroni had been made and 
given careful examination. This supervision included transportation 
of the wheat to Fargo, milling, return of the semolina to Minneapolis, 
and the manufacture of the macaroni as well as all the work done at the 
University. 
Literature 
The possibility of transmitting an infestation of Calendra from wheat 
to the various hard products manufactured from it, seems to have been 
left unmentioned in the voluminous literature written on the subject. 
Zacher, 1918 figures a photograph of 2 Calendra granaria attacking maca¬ 
roni. Cotton, 1920, describes Calendra oryzae as attacking macaroni 
and Teichmann and Andres also list macaroni as among the food at¬ 
tacked by Calendra granaria. Durant, Hartley, and Beveridge, 1913 
state that they found both Calendra granaria , and Calendra oryza 
infesting army biscuits. In the case of these authors it was shown 
that the weevils must have infested the product after it had been baked. 
With the exception of this one reference, no reference was found to the 
possibility of these weevils surviving the process of milling or any of the 
various processes of manufacturing food products from flour. 
Doane, 1918, states that he has found Calendra granaria on and in 
sacks of flour but no statement is made as to whether these weevils 
entered the flour after milling or not. Furthermore there is no state¬ 
ment as to whether or not these weevils oviposited in the flour. 
2 The generic name Calendra was retained in this manuscript altho Sitophilus 
now seems correct. 
