August, ’23] 
chapman: calendra and macaroni 
347 
Calendra oryzae and are not always as regular in shape as Teichmann and 
Andres describe them. 
The macaroni was made into short goods about one inch and a third 
long. Part of it had a wall thickness of 1 /16 inch and the rest about 1 /24 
inch. The drying was done on trays along with other macaroni in the 
factory. The air in the drying room was 80° F and the process required 
20 hours. 
As stated before, samples of dough were taken after each operation and 
undried macaroni was taken out after each lot had been pressed. These 
fresh samples were examined the same day but no evidence was found 
of live eggs of either the confused flour beetle or the granary weevil. 
The dried macaroni was then examined microscopically and carefully 
broken apart. The remains of the confused flour beetle eggs were 
found broken and drawn out of shape and embedded in the walls of the 
macaroni as illustrated in the photograph Plate 4, fig. 3. 
The entire amount of macaroni was kept in carefully sealed cans 
under the same conditions as the check samples of wheat, one of which 
had been kept at Minnesota and the other of which had been shipped to 
Fargo and back. During the last week in March adult beetles w T ere 
emerging from these check samples of wheat showing that the eggs 
which had been laid in the wheat had developed and that nothing con¬ 
nected with the experiment had affected them. At this same time 
the entire amount of macaroni was carefully examined but there was no 
evidence of weevils in any of it. 
The second lot of macaroni was made March 31 in the same way as 
the first with the following exceptions: the No.l semolina which had 
been infested with adult weevils was sifted to remove the adult beetles 
but to leave in any of the eggs which might have been laid. This and 
the small amount of ^semolina which had been milled at the University 
of Minnesota the previous day from wheat which was known to contain 
many eggs, was mixed with the remainder of the semolina from the 
first milling. 
When the last lot of dough was about to be put into the press a larger 
number of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of the confused flour beetle 
was placed in it. Some of this macaroni was collected and examined 
within a few hours. The rest was dried as before. Upon examination 
parts of the flour beetles were found, but all were very small and no 
eggs or other stages were found to be intact (PI. 4, fig. 3). Further¬ 
more the parts of the beetles were distributed throughout this lot of 
macaroni showing that the dough surges about in the press. 
