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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 16 
may be mentioned as an example of this. Tho it has spread from its 
native home on the upper Missouri River to most parts of the United 
States, it has not reached the state of Utah, and potatoes may be grown 
as a rule without treatment for insect pests. 
Many common fruit pests, such as the apple maggot, bud moth, red 
bugs, case bearers, pear psylla, and pear midge, are not found in Utah. 
The fruit-tree leaf-roller has been in the state at least fifteen years but 
is not as yet general in its distribution. The same may be said of the 
canker-worm and pear-leaf blister mite which are of more recent im¬ 
portation. The San Jose scale, tho of common occurrence in some 
localities, has never been found in Cache County, an isolated valley in 
the northern part of the state. It may be seen, therefore, that spraying 
practice is often much simplified. In spraying apples, the “pink” spray 
is always omitted and in some places a dormant spray is not considered 
necessary. 
In a state where the raising of sugar-beets is as extensive as it is in 
Utah, the insect pests of this crop, as would be expected, are abundant 
and must always be considered important. The sugar-beet web-worms 
(.Loxostege sticticalis L.) were so numerous in 1921 that unsprayed beets 
were often totally destroyed. Four hundred caterpillars were present 
on some plants, and as they approached maturity they began migrating 
by the thousands. This abundance of the worms gave an excellent 
opportunity for the increase of parasites. From a lot of eleven hundred 
larvae in winter cocoons that were collected in the fields during Sep¬ 
tember, 176 moths of the web-worms and 396 parasites were reared. 
It is believed that the presence of these parasites in such large numbers is 
largely responsible for the small number of caterpillars present in 1922, 
for in spite of favorable hibernating conditions very little damage oc¬ 
curred during the past summer. 
The sugar-beet root-louse (. Pemphigus betae Doane) was very common 
in 1921 as was also the beet-leaf miner ( Pegomyia hyoscyami Panzer). 
The first brood of this last mentioned pest has been abundant enough to 
destroy many of the early leaves during the past two years, but the 
second brood has been so small that there has been no loss later in the 
season. The sugar-beet root-maggot ( Tetanops aldrichi Hendel), which 
has been described in a previous number of The Journal of Economic 
Entomology 2 and which was responsible for considerable loss in 1921, 
caused almost no damage in 1922, due apparently to the hot and dry 
condition of the soil when the eggs of the insect were deposited in it. 
2 Jour. Econ. Entom., v. 15, p. 388. 
