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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 16 
wintering larvae emerge from late April to early July, teaching the 
maximum emergence during May or June depending upon the weather 
conditions. The summer brood develops in a relatively short period 
and the fall appearance of adults occurs from late August to early 
November, usually attaining the peak of emergence about the first of 
October. The progeny of these fall moths pass the winter in the larval 
condition. Thus, the summer generation requires four months from egg 
to adult, while the winter brood takes eight months. 
Now, a portion of this material was packed with cactus in properly 
lighted and ventilated cases and shipped via San Francisco, Honolulu, 
Pago Pago and Sydney to Brisbane, Queensland. The shipment left 
San Francisco on December 6, 1921 and reached Brisbane at the end of 
that month. Enroute the cases were placed on the bridge deck of the 
S. S. Sonoma beneath a canvas canopy which was removed in the early 
morning each day to allow the sunlight to enter the cases. 
The larvae were just one month from the egg on the date of departure 
from San Francisco. They were of the winter brood which would nor¬ 
mally spend about six months in the larval stage. 
This shipment of material was opened in the laboratory at Sherwood 
(near Brisbane), Queensland on January 5, 1922. Practically all of 
the lar vae were found to have pupated -enroute, and on January 7, 1922 
the first adults issued from the cocoons. Emergence ended on February 
1, 1922. Thus, the passage thiough and into summer weather in the 
tropics and in the Southern Hemisphere greatly accelerated the de¬ 
velopment of these winter brood larvae. 
It will be noticed, then, that the (now) Australian portion emerged 
and oviposited in January, 1922, fully five months prior to the emergence 
and oviposition dates recorded for that portion of material which re¬ 
mained in the native habitat of the species. 
Again, the progeny of this first Australian generation completed an¬ 
other cycle about May 18, 1922. Thus, two generations of the Aus¬ 
tralian material completed their cycles slightly before the normal spring 
emergence at Uvalde of the portion which remained at home. 
The third generation of the Australian portion began about the 
proper time for the larvae to get started just before the advent of the 
winter season in Southern Queensland. The emergence of adults of 
this brood was rather drawn out, probably having been influenced by the 
upsetting of the normal development of the two previous generations. 
The adults issued from October 31, 1922 to January 2, 1923. 
