482 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 16 
green plants growing along irrigation and drainage canals and roadsides. 
During October and November 1920, Mr. E. A. Schwing discovered 
the dark overwintering adults on perennials growing along the Salinas 
River and its tributaries flowing from the Coast Range. As soon as 
the pasture vegetation germinated most of the leafhoppers left the 
perennials and were found on Red Stem Filaree growing on the foothills. 
During the autumn of 1921, Schwing and the writer again found the 
dark overwintering adults cemmonly on perennials growing along the 
stream-ways of the Salinas River and its tributaries. In the fog belt 
leafhoppers were rarely taken on perennials but in the interior specimens 
were commonly captured on Creek Senecio (.Senecio dcuglasii ) and 
Lepidospartum squamatum. During the morning the bugs were sluggish 
and inactive and some were found below the bushes on the sand among 
the roots, fallen twigs and leaves. At sunset a few specimens were at¬ 
tracted to the wind-shield of the automobile and mating was observed. 
Wherever the two species of perennials were swept with an insect-net 
from the entrance to about 10 miles up seme of the canyons, the hoppers 
were obtained. 
VI. Curly Leaf 
After the autumn dispersal of the dark overwintering adults to the 
foothills has occurred, the cultivated areas are not entirely free from 
beet leafhoppers during the winter, and these stragglers when abundant 
are a serious menace to early planted sugar beets. During 1918, heavy 
September rains fell in the Salinas Valley germinating the seeds of the 
pasture vegetation on the foothills and a new growth of vegetation 
developed in the cultivated regions. During November and December, 
nymphs were taken on vegetation growing along roadsides adjacent to 
fields in which beets had been harvested. Nymphs which hatched 
from eggs deposited by the summer brood adults in Red Stem Filaree 
were also taken on the foothills at King City. These nymphs acquired 
the winged stage after the autumn flights had occurred and the adults 
invaded the early planted beet fields adjacent to the foothills. In the 
upper Salinas Valley over one-half of the crop showed curly leaf symp¬ 
toms before the spring brood flew into the beet fields on April 22 or 23, 
1919. During a dry autumn when annual plants are mostly dry along 
roadsides, the number of nymphs can be greatly reduced by removing 
green vegetation along irrigation and drainage canals in beet fields. 
VII. Early Planting of Sugar Beets Outside of Fog Belt 
Early planting of sugar beets is the only known practical method of 
