496 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 16 
less material would be because the ordinary man hasn’t the patience to 
stay at a large tree long enough with it to properly wet all the foliage. 
The gun will give a better washing and drenching effect on the tree 
than the rod. 
The Friend and Hardie guns have proved to be the most popular 
makes. The Boyce double gun has been tried out to some extent, 
but has not proven to be any great success, except for medium sized 
open trees or for outside work, such as spraying for thrips. In inside 
work, which is essential in spraying for scale on citrus trees, the double 
gun gets caught to some extent on the foliage, and is tiresome to hold 
due to its heavy head. This same fault is found with the rod. 
On the large machines the size of the aperature in the gun discs should 
be from ^ 7 t to /f inches. If the machine is able to hold up its pressure 
with the larger discs, the more satisfactory will be the application for 
the greater the volume being forced through the gun, the farther the 
material can be thrown and this is essential on large trees. If at any 
time the material is being thrown too far, a simple turn of the handle 
widens the spray and shortens the distance it is thrown. With the 
smaller machines one should use one gun with a large disc or two 
with smaller discs, ranging from A to A inches. No gun should be 
used at less than 300 pounds pressure. 
Hose 
Some trouble has been experienced in getting hose to stand up under 
the high pressure used in Southern California. We find it must be at 
least seven ply and sometimes even this will give trouble in some 
brands. Half inch hose is used mostly, although a few of the large 
machines are equipped with f inch material. The latter throws a 
nicer stream due to less friction, although it is considerably heavier to 
drag around. Two fifty-foot lengths are the usual equipment on each 
outfit. 
Gallonage per Tree 
In Tulare County the average amount of material required per tree 
is from 8 to 10 gallons. In some groves, 16 or 18 gallons are required to 
thoroughly drench the trees. In Southern California the trees average 
much larger, requiring 12 to 15 gallons, while some groves require as 
high as 25 gallons per tree. Individual trees have been seen that have 
had as high as 42 gallons applied before they were properly covered. 
With small trees, two year olds require about one gallon each, 4 year 
olds, 2 gallons, 6 year olds, 4 to 5 gallons, with some of the thriftier 
taking as high as 10 gallons. 
