74 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[July 8, 1911. 
Y OU know mallards—wisest and wariest of all 
ducks- Solomons of the air. You can’t knock 
down mallards with a paddle nor can you get them 
with a gun that plasters its shots all over the face 
of creation. 
A mallard shot is generally a bng shot, and long 
shots require a hard-shooting, close-shooting gun. 
That’s why the long-headed man who goes to a 
mallard country takes a Lefe/er. When he swings 
it on a towering pair of mallards he does not ques¬ 
tion the result. He know it— 
TWO CLEAN KILLS 
The reason a Lefever kills clean and sure and 
far is Lefever Taper Boring. 
But if you buy a Lefever for the taper boring 
alone, you will get more than your money’s worth. 
For instance, you will never be handicapped with 
looseness at the hinge joint. The exclusive I.efever 
screw compensates for a year’s wear by a trifling 
turn that you make yourself with a screwdriver. 
LEFEVER 
SHOT GUNS 
Sixteen other exclusive Lefever features and Lefe¬ 
ver simplicity and strength make the $28 gun the 
peer of any £50 gun on the market. Upwards to 
Si,000. Send for free catalog and get Lefever wise. 
Lefever Arms Co., 23 Maltbie St., Syracuse.N.Y. 
marlin 
REPEATER 
Model 
1897 
Shoots all .22 short, .22 long and .22 long rifle 
cartridges without change in adjustment; ex¬ 
cellent for rabbits, squirrels, hawks, crows, 
foxes and all small game and target work up 
to 200 yards. 
It*s a take-down, convenient to carry and clean. The tool 
steel working parts cannot wear out. It's Ivory Bead and 
Rocky Mountain sightsare the best set ever furnished on any 
.22. Has lever action—like a big game rifle; has solid top 
and side ejection for safety and rapid accurate firing—the 
real test of a repeater. 
Note the beautiful case-hardened finish and the superb build 
and balance. Examine at your gun store or send three 
stamps postage for new big catalog of all Marlin repeating 
rifles and shotguns. Do it now! 
77i& THezr/Tiz J%F&czrms Co. 
27 Willow Street, New Haven, Conn. 
The best-made 
.22 rifle in the world! 
When writing say you saw the advertisement 
in "Forest and Stream.” 
simple revelations of the word of God. High 
over great fires, on cross-bar spits as large as 
a man’s leg, roast whole carcasses of caribou, 
and this night of the big feast is the night of 
all nights. The factor’s “post men” are every¬ 
where, shouting themselves hoarse, urging on 
the excitement, exerting every effort to make 
this night a memorable one for the forest peop’e. 
The "roasts” are pulled down, and the gorging 
begins. It lasts until morning, and the day fol¬ 
lowing is strangely quiet. In ones and twos and 
threes the trappers begin to leave for their 
shacks and their trap lines. Once more the 
wilderness receives back its life, the post is de¬ 
serted. 
THE STUDY OF SALMON SCALES. 
Continued from page 54. 
of these fish would also regain the sea as kelts 
and would again return to spawn. 
I am firmly convinced that with thorough in¬ 
vestigation of the scales on scientific lines fresh 
light can be thrown on the whole subject, and 
information obtained which will enable us to 
come to sound conclusions as to the best methods 
for managing our salmon fisheries. The whole 
subject of scale investigation is still in its in¬ 
fancy, and the further 1 go in the matter, the 
more convinced I am that investigations require 
to be carried out by men trained in the best 
methods of scientific observation. At the same 
time very valuable assistance can be rendered 
by sportsmen and others like myself whose time 
may be largely taken up by business or other 
occupations. 
The first point on which further information 
is required is as to the composition and mode of 
growth of the scales, and as to whether they are 
built up merely by additional growth around the 
circumference of the scale, or whether the whole 
of the scale increases in thickness as well as in 
area. They are embedded in pockets in the skin, 
and the scale apparently grows from the center 
outward by the addition of rings or ridges 
around the circumference. As far as I can 
judge the rings are formed on the outer surface 
of the scale and are produced by bone-like accre¬ 
tions around the circumference. At the same 
time the scale gradually increases in thickness 
by the addition of a growth of more fibrous 
nature from underneath. Then again further in¬ 
vestigation is required as to the number of rings 
added each year, and as to whether the number 
is fairly constant or not, both in the early parr 
life in the river, and subsequently in the sea. 
It may be that the number of rings will vary 
according to the food supply, being more numer¬ 
ous when food is plentiful and vice versa. Mr. 
Malloch is of opinion that sixteen rings are 
added in each year of the fish’s life prior to 
spawning. This theory does not seem to coin¬ 
cide with the investigations carried out by Mr. 
Johnston and other scientific investigators, ac¬ 
cording to whom from fifteen to thirty lines are 
acquired during the two years’ river life, and 
from twenty to thirty additional lines during 
each subsequent year spent in the sea. There 
seems to be need for fuller inquiry into this 
point. The anterior or front portion of the scale 
is embedded in the above mentioned pockets; the 
hinder or posterior portion of the scale is more 
or less free, and overlaps the adjacent scales 
nearer to the tail in the same manner as the 
tiles of a roof. This free portion is all that we 
see until we remove the scales, and owing to 
exposure on this portion the rings are not clearly 
indicated. It is on the anterior portion of the 
scale that we find the rings which help us to 
arrive at the history of the fish. These rings or 
ridges project on the upper and outer side of 
the scale, and can be easily felt with a needle, 
the under portion of the scale next to the skin 
being quite smooth. 
You will probably all have noticed that on 
salmon, and I believe on most fish there is a 
lateral line extending from the back of the head 
and the gill covers to the tail. This line is 
formed by a series of scales perforated by 
longitudinal holes, but I have never seen any 
satisfactory explanation of the purpose of these 
holes. It may be for breathing or sensory pur¬ 
poses, or possibly for exuding some mucus which 
keeps the skin and scales in health. 
MIGRATIONS OF THE MAORIS. 
Continued from page 57. 
he sets about it are simple but ingenious. As 
the ship makes its way through the loose ice 
streams, a school of seals is observed traveling 
through the water. Their direction is carefuily 
taken by compass and marked on the chart. An 
hour afterward perhaps another school is seen. 
This is also taken and marked. When those 
bearings have been taken several times, the vari¬ 
ous lines upon the chart are prolonged until they 
intersect. At this point, or near it, it is likely 
that the main pack of seals will be found.’ Thus 
the old native navigators could have taken the 
direction of a school of seals, and have fol¬ 
lowed it by sun or stars till they saw another 
school to correct their course again, and in this 
way at the beginning of the breeding season they 
would be sure to find the rookeries and plenty of 
food and clothing material waiting for them on 
the beaches.” 
It seems to me that Richard Henry has told 
us plainly how the Arawa came to New Zealand 
centuries before Columbus steered his course by 
compass across the Atlantic. 
Allen Kelly. 
REEVES PHEASANTS FOR OREGON. 
Game Warden Stevenson has just placed an 
order for ioo pairs of the Reeves pheasant. 
These birds will be shipped by the game warden 
to all parts of the State and turned loose. 
The Reeves pheasant is the largest of the 
pheasant family and is a fine game bird. As 
they are hardy and increase rapidly in the wild 
state, it is expected soon to have the forests of 
Oregon well stocked with the birds. 
Last year Mr. Simpson supplied the State with 
ioo pairs of the pheasants. They were distri¬ 
buted over Western Oregon and some were sent 
to Baker. They were set at liberty at the various 
points by persons who are co-operating with the 
game warden, and who have studied the birds 
as closely as practicable under the varying con¬ 
ditions. Reports show that they have come 
through the winter in excellent condition.—Port¬ 
land Oregonian. 
BLACK AND SILVER FOXES. 
A subscriber in the Saguenay district, Quebec, 
Canada, writes to the Fur News as follows: 
“We had last winter a remarkable number 
of black and silver foxes, more than at any time 
within the memory of the oldest men interested 
in the matter. Five of the skins have com¬ 
manded a value ranging from $200 up to $700. 
It is a strange fact that without exception those 
who caught foxes of this high quality caught no 
other kind.” 
