Sept. 9, 1911] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
403 
INTERNATIONAL RUBBER EXHIBITION 
The most interesting feature of the Interna¬ 
tional Rubber Exhibition held in London, June 
24 to July 14, says Consul-General John L. 
Griffiths, London, was the evidence of the great 
growth of the rubber industry in the past few 
years, and the multiplied uses for which rubber 
is now employed. 
The special medal for the best exhibition of 
rubber was awarded to the State of Amazonas, 
Brazil. This exhibition consisted of 20 tons of 
rubber and 5 tons of caucho ball, representing 
approximately the one-thousandth part of the 
rubber passing annually from Manaos. In 
1901-2, 19,989 tons of rubber and caucho were re¬ 
ceived in Manaos from the State, inclusive of 
that in transit from Peru, Bolivia, and Vene¬ 
zuela. In 1909-10 this total had risen to 30.065 
AMERICAN BIG-GAME HUNTING 
BOONE AND CROCKETT CLUB SERIES 
Edited by George Bird Grinnell and Theodore Roosevelt 
A thoroughly stimulating book dealing with American big-game hunting, East, 
West and under the Arctic circle, including every phase of sport with the rifle. 
“American Big-Game Hunting” is a compilation of the experiences of some of the 
most widely known sportsmen in America. Among the sketches are: The Story 
of the Buffalo, Capt. Geo. S. Anderson; The White Goat and His Country, Owen 
Wister; Old Times in the Black Hills, Gen. Roger D. Williams; Coursing the 
Pronghorn, Theodore Roosevelt; After Wapiti in Wyoming, F. C. Crocker; In 
Buffalo Days, George Bird Grinnell; Blacktails in the Bad Lands, B. Rumsey. 
Forest Preserves and Game Refuges are also considered. Aside from the sur¬ 
passing interest of the narratives, the book is invaluable for referenc. Cloth, 
heavy paper, library edition, richly illustrated. 
Postpaid, $2.50 
FORESTAND STREAM PUBLISHING CO., 127 Franklin Street, NEW YORK CITY 
CtrX300r3C3e3C3r3C3t3C3rX3t3t3t3C3C3rX3C3C3C3r9r3C3C3e3e3C3t3e3t3C3r 
tons. This was natural or “wild” rubber, from 
vines and trees indigenous to the soil. 
The Federated Malay States and Straits Set¬ 
tlements figure largely as present and prospec¬ 
tive rubber producers. The quantity harvested 
practically doubles each year; in 1906 there were 
1,035,601 pounds exported; in 1907, 1,998,889 
pounds; in 1908, 3,186,099 pounds; in 1909, 
6,112,023 pounds; and in 1910, 12,245,864 pounds. 
In view of the large acreages put under rubber 
during recent years, it is anticipated that equal 
increases will be shown in the future. 
Until 1820 rubber was not greatly used except 
for pencil erasing; in that year, however, an 
Englishman named Hancock patented a method 
for its use in dress articles. Experiments 
proved that extreme cold or heat soon destroyed 
the rubber, and it was due to the discovery of 
an American inventor named Goodyear that a 
combination of rubber with sulphur was found 
to enable the caoutchouc to withstand differ¬ 
ences in temperature. In 1842 Hancock dis¬ 
covered a method of vulcanization, and from 
that date the material was used in various direc¬ 
tions. At that time, and for many years, the sup¬ 
ply of rubber was derived from wild plants, and 
the method of collecting it destroyed vast num¬ 
bers of trees and vines, until it seemed prob¬ 
able that the supply of rubber would soon be 
exhausted. In 1876 Mr. Wickham was commis¬ 
sioned by the authorities at Kew Gardens to 
proceed to the Amazon Valley to secure a sup¬ 
ply of Para rubber seeds. He brought back 
about 70,000 seeds, from which nearly 2,800 
plants were raised at Kew Gardens and ex¬ 
ported in miniature hot-houses to the Botanic 
Gardens at Ceylon. From these plants addi¬ 
tional seeds were obtained. At the same time 
plants were introduced into Singapore, and 
seeds were sent from there to Borneo, Perak, 
and elsewhere. 
In 1884 tapping first took place in Ceylon, 
and in 1888 in Singapore, but not until 1899 was 
the first sheet rubber (from trees in Perak) sold 
in London—the first cultivated Para rubber 
placed upon the European markets. In con¬ 
sidering these facts, one must be impressed 
with the rapid growth that has since taken place. 
In Ceylon, for example, notwithstanding that 
thousands of acres are given over to tea, rubber 
cultivation is one of the most important plant¬ 
ing industries. Although the island does not 
possess any indigenous rubber-yielding plants, 
the climate and soil have proved very suitable 
for the growth of Para, Ceara, and Castilloa 
rubber trees—the first named in particular. In 
1900 it is stated that only 1,750 acres were under 
rubber in the whole island; but since then the 
development has been extremely rapid. In 1910 
it was estimated that no less than 200,000 acres 
were planted with rubber. 
The growth of the rubber output of Ceylon 
is shown in th'e following statement; In 1903, 
i 8)/2 tons; 1904, 34^ tons; 1905, 75 tons; 1906, 
146 tons; 1907, 248 tons; 1908, 407 tons; 1909, 
A Classic for Sportsmen 
AMERICAN BIG GAME IN ITS HAUNTS 
, —== Boone and Crockett Club Series —"■ . 
Edited by GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL 
An invaluable work not alone for the sportsman, but for the student and lover 
of wild life. Treats of big game preservation and protection in the broader sense; 
tells of the habits, habitat and life history of the larger wild animals; touches upon 
the problem of the public forest domain, and is rounded out by interesting hunting 
reminiscences by such leaders in the fraternity of big-game hunters as Madison 
Grant, Paul J. Dashiell, George Bird Grinnell, Jas. H. Kidder and W. Lord Smith. 
Bound in cloth, library edition, heavy paper, richly illustrated, 497 pages. 
Postpaid, $2.50 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO., 127 Franklin Street, NEW YORK CITY 
THE NARRATIVE OF A SPORTSMAN 
INTER-OCEAN HUNTING TALES 
EDGAR F. RANDOLPH 
A series of hunting reminiscences of rare charm for the sportsman and for 
the wider circle which delights in true tales of outdoor life. With none of the high 
coloring and exaggeration which give a false note to so many hunting stories, Mr. 
Randolph’s book is never lacking in interest. 
He covers the field of sport with the rifle, east and west, drawing a vivid word 
picture of life in the open, subordinating his own exploits to the main incidents of 
outdoor experience, giving much valuable information on camp life, hunting and the 
habits of wild game, and continually delighting the reader with the freshness of his 
viewpoint. 
This book will strike a sympathetic chord in the memory of every big-game 
hunter of experience and will prove of real value to the novice who is planning an 
excursion into the wild. 
•j> Cloth, 170 Pages. Richly Illustrated. Postpaid, $1.00. 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING COMPANY, 127 Franklin Street, NEW YORK 
Canoe and Boat Building 
By W. P. STEPHENS 
Contains plain and comprehensive directions for the 
construction of canoes, row and sail boats, and hunting 
craft, directions that the amateur with tools can follow. 
Fifty plates and working drawings in separate envelope. 
Cloth, illustrated, 264 pages. Postpaid, $2.00. 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO. 
My Angling Friends 
By FRED MATHER 
Sketches of notable men, Mr. Mather’s brethren of the 
angle, as he knew them, a delightful experience—taught 
philosophy, and a splendid appreciation of the innate 
humor of men ond things. Cloth, illustrated, 369 pages. 
Postpaid, $1.50. 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBUSHING CO. 
Building Motor Boats and Managing 
Gasolene Engines are discussed 
in the book 
HOW TO BUILD A LAUNCH 
FROM PLANS 
A complete, illustrated work on the building of motor 
boats, and the installing, care and running of gas¬ 
olene motors. By Charles G. Davis. With 40 
diagrams, 9 folding drawings and 3 full-page plans. 
Price, postpaid, $1.50. 
The author is a builder and designer of national 
reputation. All the instruction given is defined and 
comprehensive: 40 diagrams, 9 folding drawings and J 
full-page plans. That' portion of the book devoted to 
the use and care of gas engines should be most care¬ 
fully perused by every individual who operates one. 
The book is well worth the price asked for it 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING COMPANY 
