Sept. 9, 1911] 
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The fish that should have been my fifteenth 
was stationed below a snag, by a shingle bank; 
and in attempting to reach him with a long 
throw, I got the fly caught on a projecting piece 
of stick. It persisted in staying there, and if 1 
waded over to free it I was sure to scare the 
fish, so tried the effert of a sudden jerk. The 
effect happened not to be the one wanted, but it 
was certainly curious. The fly was snapped off 
at the knot, and the jerk having almost 
wrenched it clear from the obstructing stick, it 
fell on the water and floated beautifully. Up 
came the trout, and down went my fly, and I 
think the word I used was excusable under the 
circumstances. 
So onward, from sunlit ripple to shady pool, 
keeping carefully out of sight whenever that was 
possible, and at other times watching the trout 
rushing wildly to cover as they caught a view 
of the patient angler on the bank. Even in the 
ripples a wet-fly was of no avail, except for a 
few half-pounders, which reduced the 2-pound 
average of the rest. A long black fish that 
should have weighed 8 pounds, and probably did 
not, was hooked and lost, and when the total 
stood at twelve brace, I came to the conclusion 
that enough had been done. During the walk 
toward the starting-place, I met another fisher¬ 
man, who was seemingly out of luck, and evi¬ 
dently not in the most equable of tempers. 
“Might as well fish in a bucket,” he informed 
me; “they can see you a mile off.” I suggested 
dry-fly, but he would have none of it. “Oh, I 
daresay,” he replied, “but I can’t be bothered 
to creep and crawl about with a hum-bugging 
thing like that. I’m going home.” And he 
went. That was one view of dry-fly doings. It 
was not mine at the moment, and if only as a 
scientific means to a desired end I look upon a 
skilful stalk as adding greatly to the interest of 
any capture. Especially since I caught those 
trout.—Aukland News. 
SALMON FISHING COSTLY. 
The Canadian salmon streams had reached a 
point some years ago where the fish were very 
close to extermination, said a frequenter of the 
salmon stream regions in the Sun. This was 
owing to the manner in which the streams had 
been allowed to be dealt with from time out of 
mind. 
The Indians had long enjoyed the privilege 
of spearing the fish at any time, and during the 
spawning season every year they killed thou¬ 
sands of the biggest salmon in the rivers, con¬ 
taining thousands of eggs. This destructive 
method of fishing was adopted by white fisher¬ 
men also, and it was allowed to continue until 
the waters were threatened with the utter ex¬ 
termination of their salmon. The Dominion 
Government was slow to be aroused to an in¬ 
terest in the situation, but at last it took heroic 
measures to correct and improve it. 
Laws were passed under which every salmon 
and salmon egg in any stream in Canada became 
the property of the Government, and no person 
was permitted under heavy penalties, to cast a 
line to tempt one of those fish or to draw a net 
to entangle one unless he first procured a 
license from the Government to do so. and the 
thrusting of a spear to impale a salmon was 
prohibited entirely. The gentleman sportsman 
who would trail a dainty fly on the pools or 
watch it tossing on the rapids in momentary 
expectation of the strike that would thrill him 
was called upon to plank down his little fee just 
the same as the dragger of the net who prized 
the lordly salmon only according to the market 
quotations. 
It was soon seen that this drawing of the line 
on indiscriminate salmon killing was having its 
beneficial effects in the way of increasing the 
salmon runs and insuring the natural reproduc¬ 
tion of the fish by saving them from destruc- 
tion during the spawning season, but it was 
likewise made apparent before long that the or¬ 
dinary everyday lover of salmon angling must 
cease to hope for further enjoyment of the sport 
unless he possessed or could command a long 
and well filled pocket. That situation came 
about in this way: 
Sportsmen’s associations and individuals spec¬ 
ulatively inclined discovered that the law opened 
a way for getting control of the streams. They 
lost no time in taking advantage of this, and 
within a very few years there was not an inch 
of salmon water in the entire Dominion that a 
person could lease direct from the Government. 
The clubs, of course, got control of such waters 
as they coveted for the use of their members 
and their friends and the number of clubs in¬ 
creased wonderfully. The speculative parties 
had a different purpose in securing leasehold 
privileges on the streams. 
They paid the Government license and lease¬ 
hold fees, getting control of such waters as they 
sought, always the best, as experienced and 
well informed salmon fishermen were subsidized 
to keep them in touch with all such waters 
throughout the Dominion. Then they sold fish¬ 
ing privileges on their streams to anglers unable 
to get suitable waters themselves and often in a 
single day received more for those privileges on 
a stream than an entire season’s license and 
leasehold fees would cost them. 
This practice still prevails, and we see every 
season the best streams under control of clubs 
or wealthy sportsmen or the speculators. There 
are miles of streams constantly patrolled by 
keepers in the employ of those who own the 
privileges to keep off trespassers, and more es¬ 
pecially to look out for the pot-fishing poachers 
who are always watching their chance to invade 
the streams with their spears and nets. 
Lovers of salmon fishing nowadays who have 
no leasehold on the streams hire men to hunt 
up spare fishing privileges that may be had, and 
for these they have to pay high. So, while this 
method of protecting its salmon has gone far 
toward restoring to Canada the old-time glory 
of her streams, it has made it quite inconvenient, 
to put it mildly, for the ordinary owner of a 
rod and line to get a place anywhere in her rivers 
to wet his flies in unless he may be so fortunate 
as to have the entry to some club that controls 
a stretch of salmon river or may have a friend 
whose purse and good luck have procured for 
him a fishing privilege. 
And one may readily see that under the Can¬ 
adian system of dealing out its fishing waters 
salmon fishing is by no means an economical 
way to spend a vacation if the angler has to pay 
for his own sport. But, besides protecting her 
salmon and making her streams the best on 
the continent for salmon casting, Canada’s 
method of doing it returns to her treasury 
something like $25,000 a year. 
THE UBIQUITOUS RED SQUIRREL. 
A common object of the countryside in most 
districts, the squirrel is a handsome little beast, 
playful and entertaining in its movements, and 
altogether, at least, as far as appearance goes, 
quite a pleasing addition to our woods, says 
Richard Clapham in the Shooting Times. 
We have heard it said that in some cases 
“beauty is but skin deep,” and it may be applied 
with good reason to the squirrel, for beneath 
its outward handsome appearance there remains 
a body which shrinks not from the “slaughter 
of the innocents” in the shape of young birds, 
and whose appetite for the green shoots of 
young trees is not to be denied. 
Squirrels are easily tamed, and it is tempting 
to one fond of nature to feed them near the 
house in order to watch their amusing antics. 
During the winter squirrels spend much of 
their time below ground or in the large, round 
nests which they build in the trees, thickly 
lined with moss. On fine, bright days they may 
be seen running about the branches of larch and 
other coniferous trees or sitting hunched up in 
the sun, evidently enjoying the welcome warmth. 
During spring and early summer they breed 
freely, the young being usually laid down in the 
before-mentioned nests. The youngsters are 
soon able to look after themselves, as we well 
know from having rashly on more than one oc¬ 
casion put our hand into such a nest when the 
family happened to be at home. 
In spring the squirrel feeds upon the young 
buds and tree-shoots, varying its vegetarian 
diet with frequent meals composed of nestling 
birds robbed from the nests. Despite all argu¬ 
ments to the contrary, the squirrel is a deter¬ 
mined and bloodthirsty little animal at times, 
and is therefore deserving of severe measures. 
In autumn and late summer it feeds upon the 
fircones, stripping them of the succulent green 
scales, which are white at their bases, and form 
a most appetizing meal. The turpentine with 
which the cones are thickly covered sticks to 
the mouth and fur of the little beasts, and we 
have seen them with whiskers stuck together 
after the manner of a waxed moustache. 
As winter approaches the squirrels may be 
seen gathering their supply of nuts and other 
edibles preparatory to “holding up” through 
the cold weather, and many people consider it a 
sign of an early or late winter, according to 
the time at which the little animals commerce 
these proceedings. 
