Oct. 14, 1911.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
597 
not appear to be restricted to any particular powder, but 
is a failing of the whole class, probably with the quali¬ 
fication that English powders of the nitro-cellulose vari¬ 
ety fail more easily than those of German or American 
manufacture. The difference is not considerable, but 
such as it is, it no doubt arises from the working of 
the excise laws, which force our London makers to use 
methylated spirits in place of the pure alcohol which 
American and German manufacturers have available. The 
cause of the more rapid decomposition of pure nitro¬ 
cellulose powders, as compared with those containing 
nitro-glycerine, was first pointed out by French experi¬ 
mentalists. They showed that decomposition was not a 
matter of the particular substance used, viz., nitro¬ 
cellulose or nitro-glycerine, but that its development was 
due to the different mechanical structure of the two 
classes of powder. 
Nitro-cellulose powders are reduced to granular form 
by first rendering the mass plastic by means of a solvent, 
and then allowing the grains or leaflets into which the 
matter is formed to harden by evaporation. The de¬ 
parture of the solvent leaves the grains full of ultra- 
microscopiqal orifices, previously occupied by the solvent 
and representing so many cells or hiding places in which 
decomposition takes place. The products of the decom¬ 
position are themselves chemically active, so that the 
process is self-propagating at an accelerating rate, and 
especially rapid, because it operates simultaneously 
throughout the whole body of each granule of explosive. 
Nitro-glycerine powders are distinguished from the gun¬ 
cotton or nitro-cellulose varieties by the fact that the 
nitro-glycerine ingredient itself acts as a solvent, and 
being a permanent part of the powder, it does not evap¬ 
orate, and therefore, leaves no cavities. Such decom¬ 
position as takes place is thus confined to the surface 
of the grains, or else that which occurs internally expels 
its products to the surface. Manufacturers throughout 
the world are busy trying to overcome this defect, which 
is common to all nitro-cellulose powders made with the 
aid of solvents. Some of the remedies proceed on the 
lines of adding ingredients which are calculated to 
neutralize and so keep in check the products of decom¬ 
position the moment such are formed. Alternative pro¬ 
cesses aim at the use of liquid ingredients other than 
nitro-glycerine, which will prevent the formation of pores. 
While this evolution is proceeding, sportsmen will do 
well to realize the importance of obtaining fresh yearly 
supplies of cartridges containing pure nitro-cellulose 
powders, or else they should stipulate for strip cordite 
or one of the other cordite modifications. Those of them 
who suffer inconvenience must remember that a record 
of the conditions which have led to their cartridges be¬ 
coming unserviceable will constitute experimental data 
of the greatest importance to manufacturers. Periodic 
inspection may be effected by removing a bullet from 
one of the cartridges in stock and carefully noting 
whether there is green discoloration around the interior 
of the case, accompanied by a smell suggestive of the 
electric accumulators of a country house electric lighting 
plant. Nitro-glycerine powders can be distinguished from 
those of the guncotton kind by the slight spitting sound 
which takes place when the former variety is burnt on 
an open dish. Guncotton powders are hard and brittle 
when the solvent has been dried out of them, so that 
they are never loaded into the cartridge in cord form, 
being as a rule cut into leaflets of one shape or another. 
Nitro-glycerine powders may be granulated by either 
plan, but the cord or tube form is the most commonly 
adopted in this country, due no doubt to the fashion set 
by cordite, the Government explosive. Nitro-glycerine 
powders would be more extensively used than at present 
for loading English-made Continental patterns of car¬ 
tridges, except that the buyer is, as a rule, prejudiced in 
favor of a powder resembling in granulation that of the 
original German or Austrian-made article.—London Field. 
Wilkes-Barre Gun Club. 
Wilkes Barre, Pa., Oct. 5.—The tournament shot here 
to-day was a decided success with thirty-one shooters 
enrolled. First trophy went to H. Schlicher, who 
smashed 141 out of 150. He finished two ahead of Jones, 
who was seven up on Stroh, his nearest competitor 
Kirkwood beat Neaf Apgar for first place among the 
professionals. 
bagging 
145 
saucers. Third place 
went 
to Sked with 
139. 
Shot at. Broke 
Shot at. Broke 
IT Schlicher . 
... 150 
141 
Stroh . 
. 150 
132 
Bitterling ... 
... 150 
112 
Tones . 
. 150 
139 
Howell . 
... 150 
131 
Klipple ... 
. 150 
109 
Hartman .... 
... 150 
129 
German ... 
.150 
119 
Van Stark .. 
... 150 
118 
Kremmer . 
. 150 
82 
Bohn . 
... 150 
92 
Conrad ... 
. 150 
101 
Hardenberg . 
... 150 
119 
Rishel .... 
.150 
131 
Curtz . 
... 150 
119 
George ... 
. 90 
14 
Closs . 
93 
Parish .... 
. 90 
53 
Mayers . 
... 150 
100 
Sounden .. 
. 90 
70 
Walters . 
... 150 
111 
Wilcox ... 
12 
A Lewis . 
... 150 
110 
Professionals: 
T IT Keller.. 
... 150 
123 
Sked . 
.150 
139 
N Apgar . 
... 150 
143 
Kirkwood . 
.150 
145 
L Lewis . 
... 150 
131 
Lawrence . 
. 150 
127 
Fay . 
123 
Waferloo Gun Club. 
Completion of the organization of the Waterloo Gun 
Club was effected yesterday at the gun house in Pros¬ 
pect Park. About fifty were present, and the officers 
l“ e dub were elected, as follows: President, Nick 
uebber; Vice-President, W. B. Addy; Secretary, John 
h. Libby; Treasurer, Guy Campbell; Field Captain 
Frank M. Shores. 
H. R. Robinson, George Brandt, Grover Rowlett and 
1*. Lorenz were visitors from Reinbeck. About twenty 
took part in the weekly shoot, which hereafter will be 
the event of Friday afternoons. Nick Webber was high 
gun yesterday, breaking 90 per cent, of the targets 
thrown for him. Mr. Rowlett, who is an enthusiast in 
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