February, ’24] simmons and ellington: biology of angoumois moth 41 
will find in the near future very simple combative measures for these 
today difficult problems. The specialist in entomology alone will not 
do it, the chemist will not do it, the physicist will not do it, but the man 
with the training in the fundamentals, with the grasp of the essentials 
of the different branches of our entomological tree, a knowledge of the 
twigs at the ends of these branches, will so correlate the relationship or 
manipulate the factors that we will be surprised at the simplicity of the 
control. C. H. Fernald in his address to the Association in August 
1896 brought out the fact that the chemist and the physiologist must 
come to the aid of the economic entomologist. The point I wish to 
bring out is that these and many more branches of science have already 
come to the aid of the economic entomologist and that the more “ists” 
that come the better. To the younger generation if it has the proper 
foundation to build on, the field is unlimited. We have just begun to 
study. We are still pioneering but I believe we are on the right road. 
The session adjourned at 12:25 p. m. 
Afternoon Session, Monday , December ji, 1923 
The afternoon session convened at 1:30 o’clock, President Ruggles 
presiding. 
President A. G. Ruggles: The first paper is by Perez Simmons. 
BIOLOGY OF THE ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH- 
PROGRESS REPORT 
By Perez Simmons, Assistant Entomologist, and George W. Ellington, Junior 
Entomologist, Stored Product Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology 
Summary 
Certain new facts regarding the biology of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga 
cerealella Oliv., are included in the present report. A life cycle of about 5 weeks in 
hot weather when infesting newly-harvested wheat is indicated. As many as 283 
eggs may be laid. The sexes occur in nearly equal numbers, males being slightly 
more numerous than females. Under certain conditions the availability of drinking 
water affects the egg-laying powers of the females. 
The Angoumois grain moth {Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) has recently 
been responsible for heavy losses among wheat growers, particularly 
those situated in the Atlantic coast wheat-growing area, which lies in 
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North 
Carolina. The infestation of the 1922 crop was unusually severe, and in 
order more thoroughly to understand the causes and control of such 
