February, ’24] 
SMITH: JAPANESE BEETLE 
109 
and Federal quarantines the movement of restricted produce from the 
Philadelphia market to points outside the zone was prohibited. This 
system worked satisfactorily during the season of 1923. Inspectors 
were located on the roads leading out of the infested area both day and 
night; and in Pennsylvania the State Police cooperated with the in¬ 
spection force for more than a month during the height of the beetle 
season. During the period July to September, 1923, thirty-five vio¬ 
lators of the Pennsyvlania quarantine were brought to trial, with the 
result that fines amounting to SI,045, were imposed and costs amounting 
to S224.10 were assessed, a total of $1,269.10. 
Control of the Japanese Beetle 
Experiments were conducted during the past year on the feeding 
habits and reactions of the beetle with reference to arsenicals on the 
leaf surface; the toxicity of arsenate of lead; the weathering of arsenic¬ 
als; and arsenical substitutes. Results obtained in earlier experi¬ 
ments indicated that heavy applications of arsenate of lead repelled the 
beetles from foliage to which it was applied. In the summer of 1923, 
several apple orchards and numerous shade trees were sprayed with 
arsenate of lead (powder) at the rate of 3 pounds to 50 gallons of water; 
2 pounds of flour were added as a sticker. Excellent protection was 
obtained to both foliage and fruit. To be most effective the spray must 
be applied between June 10th and 20th. Usually one spray was sufficient 
although when heavy rains occurred, it was necessary to repeat the 
application during the first two weeks in July. 
Toward the end of the beetle season a method was developed whereby 
arsenate of lead can be coated and .used as a spray. Under experimental 
conditions in cages this material gave between 90 per cent and 100 
per cent kill. The coated material looks very promising since the beetles 
eat it much more readily, and it has greater sticking quality and gives 
less burning than the non-coated arsenate of lead. The cost of coating 
the lead is not over 1 to 2 cents a pound. 
Chemotatic studies have been made with the beetle for the purpose of 
finding attractive or repellent materials which could be utilized either in 
the control of the beetle or in the protection of such plants as are not 
readily sprayed. It was found that some of the higher alcohols and 
phenols are distinctly attractive in certain strengths. If the odor is 
strong the beetles are repelled; while in lower concentrations they are 
strongly attracted. In one case beetles fed for 24 hours on an apple 
tree which had been sprayed with an attractant although the foliage 
