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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 17 
them. This is much safer than to attempt to plough them under either 
alone or mixed with the manure, because their large size makes it almost 
impossible to cover them with the plough and not to drag them up 
again when cultivating. 
4. If any corn stalks or pieces of stalks are left unused either in the 
field or along fences or in the barn or anywhere else gather all these and 
burn them before June. 
5. See that all corn on the ear is shelled and cleaned, and the screen¬ 
ings and cobs burned before June; also that the cobs of all ears fed to 
hogs are gathered and burned by the same date. 
6. After the crop has been removed plough all corn fields, covering 
completely all stubble, weeds and debris; and later when cultivating 
or sowing the field do not drag these up again. 
Ploughing is of great importance and control measures largely hinge 
on it; for, if the com remnants are ploughed under completely and not 
dragged up again, parctically every borer present will perish; if, how¬ 
ever, the ploughing is not thorough and only partly covers the stubble 
and debris, or, if these are dragged up again either in fall or spring, 
many borers will survive. 
To make a thorough job of the ploughing it is often necessary, even 
when the corn is planted in drills, not only to cut the stubble as short 
as practicable but also to break it down and tear it apart by rolling and 
discing or some other means.. Where, however, it is planted in hills the 
large cluster of roots to a hill makes it very difficult to cover all so 
thoroughly that they will not be dragged up later. Hence the hills 
should first be torn apart by discing and cross discing or by some such 
device as running a single or double furrow plough shallowlyjust beneath 
the stubble to cut them loose and then harrowing to pull them apart. 
In some soils it is probable a split log or light road leveller would do this 
more quickly and equally well. 
The best time to plough has not been definitely determined. Ap¬ 
parently the farmer may choose whatever time is most convenient. 
He should not, however, plough when the soil is very hard and will not 
turn over well. 
The success of the ploughing can to a large extent be spoiled by careless 
cultivation afterwards; for instance, last spring from half a field in 
which the stubble was dragged up by a toothed implement over 10,000 
living borers were recovered; almost all of which would have perished 
had the stubble remained buried. To avoid this dragging up of stubble 
and debris a disc should be used instead of a toothed cultivator and a 
