144 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 17 
would be left in the stubble. This stubble is allowed to stand undisturbed 
until spring, when it is disked and oats seeded in the ground. The 
shocks of fodder are fed in the barn, lots or open fields during the 
winter. Shocks remain upon these fields until May first, oats seeding 
often proceeding around the shocks which still remain upon the ground. 
Very few farmers plow this stubble and Experiment Station records in 
Ohio show as good oat yields secured for disking as for spring plowing 
in preparing most types of soil. 
We have here pictured the conditions in the two divisions of the corn 
borer infested counties; dairy interests on the east with most of the corn 
cut by machines, and grain corn growing on the west with most of it cut 
by hand. We are now ready to analyze the control methods. We see 
at a glance that northwestern Ohio counties contain as a group the most 
difficult conditions for effective control. With from one fifth to one 
fourth of the stalk left standing in the field as stubble, and the rest fed 
in such a way that the corn borer is not destroyed, we have conditions 
which must shortly be remedied if we expect efforts at suppression to be 
at all effective. Moreover, these counties are nearest to the great com 
belt to the west, in which direction we find conditions even more favor¬ 
able for the development of the insect. Indiana and Illinois farmers 
husk much of their corn on the stalk, which is allowed to remain in the 
field all winter. 
Changed Practice Desirable 
Ohio Extension forces are now urging the use of the silo wherever beef 
cattle are fed and its more general use in northwestern Ohio is anticipated. 
We are now asking the growers of those counties to practice cutting 
close to the ground, and this is possible through the use of the corn 
binder. We are pointing out to them that the use of the corn binder is 
now more economical than cutting by hand. We are attempting es¬ 
pecially to encourage the more general use of corn binders in northwestern 
counties, though in the face of the present price deflation of farm pro¬ 
ducts and high prices of farm machinery, the adoption of machine cutting 
will be difficult. 
Fall plowing has not been urged because of the impracticability of 
this method except on silage ground. Moreover, we are not sufficiently 
convinced of the time of year when plowing is most effective. The 
presence of shocks on the ground serves to prevent this being done in 
northwestern Ohio and where corn is cut for silage, there is less need 
for the fall plowing due to the short stubble. 
Spring clean-up by burning infested stalks, appears to be the most 
