October, ’24] hayes and mccolloch: biology of anomala kansana 591 
tions was made by rearing them to maturity. It is of interest to note 
that of approximately 200 grubs collected and reared, 190, or 95 percent, 
were found in wheatfields. This large proportion may be partly due to 
the ease with which collections may be made behind the plow. It is 
evident from the general feeding habits and the preponderance of indi¬ 
viduals in wheat land that the species is capable of doing some damage, 
especially to wheat. 
Life History 
Adult. The beetles are nocturnal in habits, appearing at dusk to 
feed, after which they are readily attracted to lights. The beetle (fig. 17) 
is dark brown to piceous in color, with lateral margins flavo-testaceous; 
ventrally it is fusco-testaceous to rufo-testaceous with a faint, greenish, 
metallic lustre; the legs are rufo-testaceous and in size the species 
varies from 11 to 12.5 mm. long, and 5 to 6.75 mm. wide. 
The insects are relatively abundant every year. In this study they 
were found more frequently at lights in 1921 and 1922, but after their 
food habits were discovered in 1923, they were found more abundantly on 
food plants. The total numbers collected and the numbers reared from 
collected grubs and from eggs hatched in the field laboratory are shown 
in Table I. 
, 
Table I— Showing the Relative Abundance of Anomala kansana 
. 
Source of collections 
1921 
1922 
1923 
Total 
At lights 
16 
82 
32 
120 
On food plants 
1 
373 
374 
Miscellaneous 
1 
2 
3 
Collected grubs 
157* 
9 
43 
209 
From eggs 
16 
16 
Total 
175 
107 
450 
732 
includes three specimens reared in 1919. 
As shown by Table I, sixteen individuals were raised through all their 
stages from egg to adult. It may also be noted that of several hundred 
grubs collected in the fields, 209 were reared to adult. The length of the 
various stages as discussed in this paper are based on these numbers. 
T his species is attracted to electric lights during June and July. In 
1921, their first appearance at lights was June 13 and the last June 29. 
In 1922, they were present at lights from June 9 to July 12, and in 1923 
from June 23 to July 16. These dates correspond closely to the entire 
period of flight for the three seasons, except that in 1921 they were 
