October, ’24] ball: names for apple and potato leafhoppers 597 
certain localities throughout the apple-growing region. Although re¬ 
ported as mali, this is the species that was notably injurious in New 
England localities in the early season of 1924. It has always been called 
the rose leafhopper and that name should be continued. It is especially 
injurious to apples in regions where roses abound. The sweet briar of the 
northwest is a constant breeding ground for this species. 
The Apple Leafhopper (.Empoasca maligna Walsh) 
Chloroneura maligna Walsh. Prairie Farmer, pp. 147-149,Sept. 6, 1862. Reprint 
Proc. Bost. Soc., Nat. Hist. Vol. 9, p. 317, 1864. 
Empoasca unicolor Gill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XX, p. 731,1898. Hartzell: 
Proc. Ia. Acad. Sci., Vol. 30, p. 100, 1924. 
This species is a beautiful golden green in color, with a bluntly round¬ 
ing head and is larger, and much less fragile than fabae. The nymphs 
are leaf green. It has a single generation annually and spends its whole 
life on the apple. The winter is passed in the egg stage under the bark of 
the twigs. The nymphs appear late in the spring after the apple leaves 
are well grown; they feed on the under side of the mature leaves and 
cause a whitening of the upper surface but no rolling or distortion. The 
adults remain on the trees through the remainder of the summer, laying 
eggs to pass the following winter. This species is distributed from the 
Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic and in company with the preceding is 
responsible for all of the injury to mature apple foliage usually mani¬ 
fested by the whitening of the upper surface of the leaves. 
Walsh described this species as the malignant leafhopper because this 
and the preceding species were supposed to be the cause of fire blight on 
the apple and pear, thus definitely placing this as one of the two apple- 
infesting species. With this in mind his description and figure (of the 
head) are so accurate that there can be no mistake. He says “Differs 
from the above malifica (fabae) as follows“The color is deeper, the 
head is almost transverse, its anterior edge forming about half a quad¬ 
rant; the elytra are subopaque and deeply tinged with green, and the 
anal vein attains the cross-vein nearly.” The figure of the head shows 
the short blunt head of this species which would alone separate it at 
once from fabae, the other apple species, but when he describes the 
deeper color, so deep that the elytra are “subopaque” instead of “sub¬ 
hyaline” as in malefica (fabae), he gives the most distinctive character 
of maligna and one that will definitely distinguish it from any other 
species found on the apple tree. 
This is the apple leafhopper; it spends its whole life on the tree and 
