April, ’24] 
SULLIVAN: CALCIUM CYANIDE FOR FLEAS 
237 
hour treatments at the above strength. With the weaker concentra¬ 
tions the period of fumigation must be lengthened as one ounce of cal¬ 
cium cyanide to 200 cu. ft. and to 400 cu. ft., gave 100% kill only for 
the and the 2 hour periods. 
The writer has done considerable work with both potassium cyanide 
and sodium cyanide in the control of scale insects on nursery stock 
and the results so far obtained with calcium cyanide are practically as 
good as those which have been obtained with the other materials. 
However, the writer is not ready to fully recommend calcium cyanide 
for fumigating nursery stock until additional data have been obtained 
as to its effect both on the scale and on the plants. 
It is hoped that others will pursue the work with calcium cyanide. 
It undoubtedly offers great possibilities and if additional experiments 
show that it can be successfully used for fumigating nursery stock the 
process will be greatly simplified. 
Question: I would like to ask the speaker how they applied the 
c) r anide to the green house. And also on peach trees. 
Mr. K. C. Sullivan: In greenhouses, we scattered it on newspapers. 
We have scattered it on the soil, and it works all right. It-can be 
removed very quickly if placed on newspapers. 
Mr. J. R. Watson: I would like to ask if the larvae of the white fly 
are not killed? 
Mr. K. C. Sullivan: No, it takes two treatments to get the white 
fly., 
Mr. J. R. Watson: We didn’t have good results killing larvae. 
Mr. L. O. Howard: Did you have any accidents? 
Mr. K. C. Sullivan: Not in this work on fleas. 
Mr. D. L. Van Dine: I’d like to ask the period of exposure. 
Mr. K. C. Sullivan: We usually put it in in the afternoon and take 
it out in the morning, or put it in in the morning and take it out at night,— 
about twelve hours. 
Question: I’d like to ask Mr. Sullivan to what extent cyanide treat¬ 
ment was used on cucumber beetles? 
Mr. K. C. Sullivan: We used the flakes, the granules and the 50 
per cent dust, but we killed the plants in every test we made, except 
with the 50% dust. Our tests weren’t over a very large scale, however, 
and it is rather hard to draw definite conclusions from the tests we made. 
Session adjourned at 12:30 p. m. 
