April, ’24] 
PARROTT: SPRAY INJURIES 
271 
same volume of spray seemed to produce improved conditions in these 
respects. On the other hand, russeting was fully as conspicuous on the 
trees sprayed with lime-sulfur containing glue as those treated with 
lime-sulfur alone. 
The “wettable sulfur” sprays produced a very noticeable amount of 
russeting, altho it was less than that caused by lime-sulfur. There was 
no apparent difference in the action of sublimed flowers of sulfur or flour 
sulfur, but russeting seemed to be somewhat more conspicuous where- 
ever lime was used. 
Sulfur applied as a dust caused seme russeting that was unquestion¬ 
ably due to the treatment. This was very much less than that occurring 
in the lime-sulfur plats, and was even less conspicuous than that in the 
“wettable sulfur” plats. From the standpoint of the finish and luster of 
the fruits, the apples dusted with sulfur or sprayed with “wettable 
sulfur” were superior to those sprayed with lime-sulfur and were un¬ 
excelled by the product from any of the other treated plats. 
The copper dusts used in all the treatments provided in the spray 
schedule, including the calyx application, caused more severe and more 
general russeting than any of the materials applied, occasional fruits 
being greatly distorted and revealing cracks which sometimes extended 
as far as the core. In general, the damage was more conspicuous in the 
plats which received a heavy dosage of 4 lbs., per tree, the copper 
arsenite dust being more injurious than the dehydrated copper dust. 
The so-called “spray scald” was entirely absent from the plats receiving 
applications of the copper mixtures. 
Influence of Dust and Spray Mixtures on Foliage 
The only plats treated with sulfur preparations that displayed in¬ 
juries were those sprayed with lime-sulfur solution and these consisted 
largely of browning or burning of the tips and margins of the leaves. 
It was difficult to form any definite conclusions relative to the in¬ 
fluence of either calcium caseinate or glue in reducing the damage. 
Lime hydrate was superior to either of these materials, and while its 
addition to lime-sulfur did apparently make this spray more safe, it by 
no means wholly prevented damage. The plats dusted with sulfur or 
sprayed with “wettable sulfur” showed no evidence of injury and during 
the entire season were readily distinguishable by the luster of the leaves 
frem those sprayed w ith lime-sulfur. The foliage of the latter was dull 
colored. 
Ccpper carbonate applied as a spray caused severe injuries, as indi- 
