April, ’24] 
STEARNS & HOUGH: SPREADER TESTS 
275 
report has already been made 1 . This season, the tests were confined to 
casein (Kayso) with the object of determining its value as a spreader 
and adhesive not only in the summer sprays but in all applications of 
the scheduled programs for apple and peach. 
Tests on Apples 
Tests were conducted by the senior author in Mr. L. Clark Hoge’s 
Ophir Orchard at Leesburg. The experimental section of this orchard 
was a 14-year old planting of the Grimes Golden, Gano and Rome 
Beauty varieties. At Winchester, tests were conducted by the junior 
author in the Stayman-Winesap orchard of the Shenandoah Vinegar 
Company. These trees, varying in age from 8 to 15 years, are subjected 
annually to a severe infestation of codling moth due to their proximity 
to large apple bins where cull apples are stored prior to being ground 
for cider. 
The Virginia spray calendar for apples, in 1923, called for a delayed 
dormant spray of nicotine sulphate, 1-800, and winter strength lime- 
sulfur; sprays of powdered lead arsenate, 1 pound to 50 gallons, and 
summer strength lime-sulfur to be applied when the cluster buds are 
pink, when the petals are falling and two weeks after petal-fall; Bordeaux 
mixture, the 4-5-50 formula, and powdered lead arsenate, 1 pound to 
50 gallons, to be applied four weeks and ten weeks after petal-fall. 
At Leesburg, each variety received all applications as scheduled with 
and without the spreader, the .spreader being used at the recommended 
rate of 1Id pounds to 200 gallons. At Winchester, on the other hand, 
Scalecide, 1-15, was substituted in the delayed dormant spray, and all 
other sprays were applied as scheduled with and without the spreader, 
the spreader being used at the increased rates of 2 and 3 pounds to 200 
gallons. 
In each orchard, the spray outfit was a 200 gallon Hardy. Both rods 
and guns were used, with a pressure varying from 225 to 300 pounds. 
One lead was operated from the tower and the other on the ground. 
The spray materials were mixed by the writers, and the applications 
made by the regular orchard force under their supervision. 
At picking time, each variety was graded separately, and the results 
tabulated by plots. For convenience, the data for the three varieties 
at Leesburg are summarized in Table 1. The results at Winchester 
are given in Table 2. 
dour. Econ. Entom., Vol. 16, No. 2, pages 198-201, April, 1923. 
