April, ’24] 
STEARNS & HOUGH: SPREADER TESTS 
277 
relative percentages of aphis injury on the “no spreader” and “spreader” 
plots, as given in Table 1. It should be added, here, that this injury 
was consistently more severe on the “spreader” plots; doubled in the 
case of Grimes Golden and Gano varieties and trebled in the case of 
Rome Beauty variety. Apparently, casein (Kayso), when used at the 
recommended rate, and nicotine sulphate 40% (Black Leaf 40), when 
used at the usual dilution, do not occur in the spray solution in the 
correct proportions to react properly. It has been brought to the 
writers’ attention that to prepare nicotine-caseinate the reaction seems 
to require 1 gm. of casein to 1 cc. of nicotine. Casein and nicotine 
sulphate, as used in the previous work and here as well, are present in 
the spray solution in the approximate proportions of 2 gms. of casein 
to 3 cc. of nicotine. It is suggested that herein may be found an 
explanation of the uncongeniality noted. 
Tests on Peaches 
The information in this particular, as in the preliminary report, is 
incident to the Oriental Fruit Moth project of the Crop Pest Com¬ 
mission. Spraying operations in the experimental control of this insect 
in 1923 were conducted in the American Fruit Growers Inc. Loudoun 
Orchard at Leesburg. This is a young Delicious apple orchard inter- 
planted with peaches of the Carman and Belle varieties. It was in its 
fourth year and bearing its first crop. 
The schedule of treatments in this orchard was that commonly 
recommended for peaches. The usual dormant application of winter 
strength lime-sulfur was followed by a “shucks-off” spray of powdered 
lead arsenate, 1 pound, and hydrated lime, 4 pounds, to 50 gallons, the 
same, with 8 pounds of sulfur added, being repeated three weeks later. 
One month before the fruit ripened, an 8-4-50 sulfur-hydrated lime 
spray was applied. 
In this experiment, four of the test plots in which both varieties were 
represented gave results pertinent to the effectiveness of casein. Test 
or plot 1 received the regular treatment without the spreader; plot 2, 
the casein spreader in all applications; plot 3, nicotine sulphate 40% 
in the summer applications; plot 4, nicotine sulphate 40% in the sum¬ 
mer applications and casein in all applications. Nicotine sulphate 40% 
(Black Leaf 40) was used at the 1-800 dilution and casein (Kayso) at 
the recommended rate of pounds to 200 gallons of the spray solution. 
The spray outfit used was a 200 gallon Bean equipped with two two- 
nozzle rods. It was operated at a pressure varying from 250 to 275 
