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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 17 
accorded the designing of shipping cases. The type found to be most 
suitable is shown in Fig. 1, PI. 7. This case is a modification of the 
Wardian case used in shipping nursery stock. Its special features < 
deserve mention here. 
The outside dimensions in inches of this case are: length, 40; 
breadth, 18; height at sides, 15; height at middle, 24. It is put to¬ 
gether throughout with screws. Both sides of the top are removable. 
These tops are fitted on the inner side with brass gauze of 50 meshes to 
the inch, and exteriorly with “rat wire” of 3 meshes to the inch. These 
two coverings are separated by the thickness of the frame of the top 
pieces—about | of an inch. Exteriorly, above the rat wire are iron 
straps at intervals of about 4 inches which clear the protective rat wire 
by inch, adding further protection to the fine brass gauze. At each 
end is a beveled-edge door fitted with a cupboard lock, and a ventilator. 
These parts are covered interiorly and exteriorly with brass gauze. 
The bottom is provided with two or more small openings to act as 
drains. They are covered interiorly with brass gauze, and protected 
exteriorly by squares of galvanized sheeting. The handles project 6 
inches beyond either end of the box. 
A case of such construction cannot be placed on end by careless 
transportation employees because of the projecting handles. This type 
of handle also prevents close packing against the cases of other materials 
in the express or baggage car, thus insuring ventilation. The doors are 
serviceable in introducing the insects after the case has been packed and 
also in allowing the custodian on board the steamer to place water 
directly on the sphagnum moss in which the cuttings are rooted. The 
sloping top pieces provide excellent ventilation and allow ample sun¬ 
light. 
Some of the earlier cases had yq inch plate glass in the tops instead of 
the brass gauze, but the latter material is far superior on account of the 
additional ventilation permitted. All of the later cases were made slightly 
larger. 
This type of shipping cases has proved to be excellently adapted to 
the requirements of the plants and the insects as well as to the handling 
methods of transportation employees. They have been used also in 
shipping insects from point to point in the United States and Australia, 
and will undoubtedly be used in future sendings from Argentina and 
Mexico should the Board undertake work there. 
The contemplated work successively in various sections of North 
America demanded the designing of a suitable type of rearing cage 
