532 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 17 
cast off their pupal skins shortly before, were encountered in the pupal 
cells September 8. In the Laboratory rearing cages adults were first 
observed on September 20. Emergence from hibernation begins with 
the first warm days of spring, the beetles having been observed in large 
numbers on April 6. Attempted copulation was first observed in out¬ 
door cages on March 20, 1922. The first eggs were noted in the Labora¬ 
tory cages May 1st. In the field newly hatched larvae were taken on 
June 14. Egg laying continued in the rearing cages until July 5, and 
eggs were collected in the field August 17. During 1921 larvae were 
taken in the field on various dates from June 14 up to and including 
November 23. In 1924 occasional live larvae were still present in tule 
roots dug from a slough March 10. Pupae are to be found in the field 
over a long period, having been first observed in the field on September 
13, and on many subsequent dates as late as April 25. In the Labora¬ 
tory pupation was first noted September 12, the latest pupation date 
was November 7, and all specimens became adult by early December. 
Control 
So far as known the tule is the only plant in which the immature 
stages of this billbug normally develop; therefore it is rapidly reduced 
in numbers where the tule beds are eradicated by drainage and cultiva¬ 
tion. Material damage occurs only in the earlier years of such cultivating 
of reclaimed lands. Being strong fliers the adults are likely to re¬ 
establish colonies where the tules are allowed to re-occupy the banks of 
drainage canals and ditches and thus afford breeding places for the 
billbug. Under such conditions slight injuries to grain might continue 
to occur. Eradication of the tules is the only means of control. 
Just before adjournment Prof. E. O. Essig made an announcement in 
regard to the new journal, the Pan-Pacific Entomologist, which was 
started to fill the need of an organ in which could be gathered together 
the results of scientific entomological research in the Pacific region. 
He appealed for hearty support from all. 
> 
Friday Morning Session , June 29, 1924 
Chairman H. S. Smith called the meeting to order at 9:30 A. M. 
The following papers were presented. 
