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42 
FOREST AND STREAM 
DISAPPEARING ISLANDS. 
Waves and Currents in Chesapeake Bay Cut 
Away Many Acres Annually. 
That certain islands and headlands in Chesa¬ 
peake Bay are being destroyed at a startling rate, 
not by any catastrophic force of nature but by 
the ordinary' action of waves and currents, is 
demonstrated in a short report just published 
by the United States Geological Survey, “Ero¬ 
sion and Sedimentation in Chesapeake Bay 
around the Mouth of Choptank River.” 
The most interesting feature of the study is 
the rapid destruction of the three islands at the 
mouth o'f Choptank River. Of these, Sharps 
Island, which a generation ago was a summer 
resort and a favorite hunting ground besides 
supporting a number of families throughout the 
year, is to-day deserted and almost barren of 
life. Its 43S acres of 1848 had dwindled to 91 
by 1900, while at the time of the most recent 
survey, in 1910, the island contained but 53 acres, 
its north shore having suffered the phenomenal 
loss of no feet a year during the period from 
1900 to 1910. Calculations by Mr. Hunter indi¬ 
cate that the island will be entirely effaced be¬ 
fore 1950. James Island, which lies south of 
Sharps Island, decreased in size from 976 acres 
in 1848 to 490 acres in 19x0, while to the north 
Tilghman Island, which supports many prosper¬ 
ous farmers and fishermen, was reduced from 2,- 
0x5 acres in 1847 to 1,686 acres in 1900 and is 
now surrendering approximately 6 acres each 
year to the seas. On Sharps Island the site of 
an artesian well has been transgressed by the 
waves so that it now presents the unique feature 
of a well located in the bay. The map of 190X 
showed that the only remainder of the north end 
of the James Island of 1848 was a small island 
situated on the spot which was formerly an arm 
of an inlet but which later became filled with 
marsh material. That the water in the midst of 
land in 1848 should become land in the midst of 
water in 1901 is a remarkable result of the great¬ 
er resistance of the marsh-built land. 
PENNSYLVANIA NOTE. 
Lancaster, Pa., June 24.—Following a storm of 
protest from fishermen, both professional and 
amateur, the fishway in the big dam of the 
Pennsylvania Water and Power Company at 
Holtwood, along the Susquehanna River, which 
had been erected at the instance of the Pennsyl¬ 
vania Fish Commission and later found to be 
inadequate will now be lengthened 4,000 feet. 
The fishway, as originally constructed, was 
found to be too small for the purpose intended, 
and it is thought that with the addition in length 
it wiil answer the purpose. Much complaint was 
made by the fishermen above the dam that the 
fishway did not answer the purpose, and that 
its approach was too small to permit of fish 
getting easy access to the upper waters. Some 
of the larger fish were caught in the pools be¬ 
tween the artificial river bed forming the shore 
approach, and a good many of them were killed. 
The Pennsylvania Fish Department and the 
power company will do all they can to make the 
new fishway a success, but at best all fishways 
are only experiments and none has been invented 
that will meet the objections or furnish a good 
route for fish on their way to the upper waters. 
JS 
WILLIAM MILLS & SON 
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