566 
FOREST AND STREAM 
pickerel, pike, white and yellow perch and trout in these waters are game fish, and 
their open season is from June 15 to Dec. 1, both dates inclusive. 
Bass, Crappte, Pike-Perch Seasons.—Black bass, Oswego bass, white bass, calico 
bass or erappie, and pike-perch, June 15th to Nov. 30, inclusive. 
LEGISLATION OF 1914. 
Game legislation in 'the United States in 1914 is smaller in volume than for any 
year since 1906, only 11 States—Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachu¬ 
setts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Vir¬ 
ginia holding regular legislative sessions. Special sessions at which game legis¬ 
lation was considered were also held in Delaware and Ohio. In that year there 
were 55 laws relating to game, while in 1914 the record shows 58 such acts passed in 
the United States and 7 in Canada. While few in number the laws for 1914 mark 
a new era in game protection, as this is the first year in which the States have 
had an opportunity to act under the Federal regulations for the protection of migra¬ 
tory birds. Bills were introduced in various legislatures to harmonize the open 
seasons on migratory species under State laws with those under the Federal regula¬ 
tions and were enacted in Ohio, Rhode Island, Louisiana and Virginia. In Ohio 
and Rhode Island the regulations were practically incorporated in the State law. 
In Louisiana the opening dates were made uniform and the closing date was cur¬ 
tailed to within two weeks of that prescribed under the Federal regulations; in 
Virginia the seasons were made to conform on migratory species on Back Bay, 
Princess Anne County, the principal ducking center of that State. 
Closely connected with the subject of uniformity in State and Federal laws is 
that of uniformity in local laws. An important act was passed in Maryland (ch. 
472) prescribing a uniform open season on upland game and woodcock from Novem¬ 
ber 10 to December 24, and repealing all local or conflicting laws in regard to seasons. 
This is the first law ever passed in the State prescribing a uniform State-wide 
season on upland game. Heretofore local laws for individual counties have been the 
rule. 
Few novel provisions are found in the laws of this year. In order to curtail the 
large number of seemingly careless and unnecessary accidents in the handling of 
firearms, Saskatchewan, late in the fall of 1913, prohibited the carrying of a loaded 
shotgun or rifle on any vehicle. Under the same law members in good standing 
of the various game protective associations and officers who issue game licenses 
were made ex officio game wardens. 
Louisiana protected elk until 1919 and removed robins from tbe game list, and 
Maryland amended the non-game bird law to protect herons and egrets. Several 
States provided term protection on a few species: Massachusetts protected quail 
for five years in Essex County; New Jersey, wild turkeys and female English ring- 
neck pheasants until 1919; New York (by regulations of the conservation commis¬ 
sion), pheasants in nine counties for two years; Ohio, Hungarian partridges until 
1915; and Rhode Island, all game for five years on Warwick Neck. 
In Canada, Alberta removed antelope and Hungarian partridges from the game 
list for several years; Ontario, quail, Hungarian partridges, and pheasants for two 
years, and by regulation extended the close season on deer for three years in four 
counties and protected squirrels and ruffed grouse for three years in two counties. 
Saskatchewan removed antelope and whooping cranes from the game list. 
OPEN SEASONS. 
Open seasons were curtailed on certain species in Louisiana, Massachusetts, 
Ontario, British Columbia and Manitoba. 
Louisiana adopted the plan which has previously been tried in Pennsylvania and 
other States of having a uniform open date for all game birds. Ohio, which closed 
the season throughout the year on doves in 1913, provided a short open season from 
September 1 to October 20; Ontario lengthened the season one month on upland 
game; and British Columbia removed protection from bears for two years, shortened 
the season two weeks on caribou, and curtailed the season two weeks on moose in 
certain districts. 
EXPORT AND SALE. 
Louisiana shortened the sale season on waterfowl, snipe, coots, and rail to 
include the last two months of the open season. 
The industry of raising game in captivity received impetus in New York by a 
modification in the law permitting domesticated game to be killed and sold at any 
time. Virginia made it unlawful for non-residents to sell waterfowl taken on Back 
Bay, and Manitoba repealed the provision prohibiting the sale of ducks prior to 
October 1. Rhode Island prohibited the export of rail and waterfowl. 
BAG LIMITS. 
Few provisions in the new legislation affect bag limits. Louisiana increased the 
limit on squirrels from 10 to 15 a day; Virginia for the first time prescribed a 
limit of 35 a day on waterfowl taken on Back Bay, Princess Anne County; and 
Ontario fixed a yearly bag limit of 200 on ducks. 
LICENSES. 
New Jersey enacted a combination license law, effective January 1, 1913, to cover 
hunting and fishing, and prohibited the issue of hunting licenses to applicants 
under 14 years of age. Virginia now requires both residents and non-residents to 
obtain licenses to hunt wild fowl on Back Bay. Alberta increased the resident 
bird-license fee from $1.25 to $2.25. 
WARDEN SERVICE. 
New York increased the number of game protectors from 105 to 12s, and placed 
the chief protector under civil-service rules. Ontario created the office of deputy 
minister of game and fisheries in charge of the game and fisheries branch, and 
provided that this branch shall be a separate department of the Government service. 
GAME REFUGES AND FARMS. 
In the agricultural appropriation bill Congress made provision for the establish¬ 
ment of a national game preserve in Sullys Hill National Park in North Dakota. 
Two national bird reservations have recently been created by Executive order— 
Smith Island, Wash. (June 6, 1914), and Blackbeard Island, Ga. (July 17, 1914). 
Under regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture protection of deer on five islands 
in southeastern Alaska was extended for two years, and protection was given sheep, 
moose, and caribou on the west half of the Kenai Peninsula, thus practically making 
these areas refuges for big game. 
The legislature of New York authorized the conservation commission to establish 
game refuges on inclosed State lands, except in the Adirondack and Catskill Parks, 
and made provision for the establishment of four new game farms. The trespass 
laws relative to private preserves were also strengthened. Pennsylvania has estab¬ 
lished a new game refuge on State lands, making six in all. Wisconsin has recently 
inclosed a 320-acre game refuge in the northern part of Vilas County near Trout 
Lake. Louisiana prohibited hunting on certain school lands. Manitoba curtailed 
the limits of the Riding Mountain Game Preserve by about one-third. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
In Massachusetts farmers were permitted under certain restrictions to kill deer 
and pheasants, which are likely to damage cultivated crops. In New Jersey the 
baiting of wild fowl was prohibited. 
In California under a decision of the court of the second appellate district the 
game law of 1913 was annulled. • The effect of this decision eliminated game district 
No. 7, and restored the same seasons and the six districts provided in the act of 1911. 
In Oregon, on account of the unusually dry season, the governor under authority 
of law closed the deer season during the latter part of August, as many forest fires 
were reported to have been started by careless hunters. 
NEW LAWS PASSED IN 1914. 
Federal Laws. 
Provisions in the Agricultural appropriation act approved June 30, 1914 (Pub. No. 
122, p. 22), for the expenditure of $5,000 in establishing a national game preserve 
on Sullys Hill National Park, N. Dak., and $50,000 for enforcing the act for the 
protection of migratory birds. 
Federal Regulations. 
Proclamations of August 31 and October 1 amending the regulations of the 
Department of Agriculture under the migratory bird law; regulations of March 
31 and July 21 under the Alaska game law, protecting big game in certain districts 
and extending certain other regulations for two years. 
Nature Studies 
My knowledge of nature came in early child¬ 
hood thro enjoyment of it and contact with 
it. Recalling that time brings vividly to mind 
visions of a grandfather’s farm. His land 
stretched for two miles along the banks of a 
beautiful river- There was an island fringed 
with willows. There were sand bars stretching 
out into the water. Back of the valley were 
wooded hills, rocky cliffs and deep dark ravines. 
The long avenue of cedars leading up to the 
entrance of the house seems now like some 
rare old gallery; for one holds a mental picture 
of each member of the family passing up or 
down between those stately trees. The master 
and his favorite dog “Old Bull” were effective 
figures in the setting. Nature of great beauty 
and variety encompassed one there. It is a for¬ 
tunate child who stores such memories to carry 
down the years of a lifetime. 
The place was a veritable hunting ground for 
wild flowers. One knew when and where to 
look for them, in what little cranny of rock or 
at the root of what tree could be found the 
brilliant Indian pink or the wil'd anemone. There 
A Memory 
By Kate Conkling Belknap. 
was a grove of paw-paw trees at the foot of 
a wooded hill where nature was most prolific 
in the variety of wild flowers. One could find 
in a square of twenty feet growing in that rich 
loamy soil which had the odor of the forest, 
bluebells, larkspurs, sweetwilliams, trilliums, may- 
apples, hepaticas, Jacob’s ladders and the pitcher 
plant. High on a cliff ^bove might be a striking 
bit of the most perfect shade of carmine, the 
beautiful Indian pink. I have never seen it in any 
other part of the country. It was a risky climb 
for an agile child to capture the prize from its 
high perch in a rocky crevice; and an experience 
comes to mind that was a little frightful at 
first, but turned out to be a delightful recreation. 
In making a strenuous climb for a cluster of 
those bright flowers, I found myself on the brink 
of a sandy precipice, accidentally sliding down. 
I found the exhileration so delightful that the 
performance became a practice to the detriment 
of my clothing. 
There were many other wild flowers; the spring- 
beauty dotted the meadows; violets, blue and 
white, butter-cups, black-eyed Susans, columbine, 
dog-tooth violet, gentian, wild clematis, wild rose 
and many vines. 
There were many varieties of shrubs. The 
wild snow-ball grew on the island; the hawthorns, 
wild honeysuckle, alders, azaleas and dog-wood, 
—and the hills were crowned with laurel. Two 
or three varieties of wild grapes grew on the 
island, that were used for wine; and in the 
woods much wild life was encountered—snakes, 
lizards, chipmunks, rabbits, squirrels and opos¬ 
sums. 
Did you ever see a mother ’possum with her 
young? It is interesting to see one come out of 
a hollow tree under protest—concealing her 
young, stretch out apparently dead, to escape real 
death. It is a study in animal psychology. And 
one was always tired and warm after a long 
■tramp. The flowers we had been fairly greedy 
to gather were given over to some one to put 
into fresh water; and someone picked the burrs 
off from our stockings. With palm-leaf fans, 
straight to the cool library we would go, stretch 
out on our backs, and rest. There one might 
study the great men of our country. Grand- 
