332 
PUEBLO INDIANS. 
Book II. 
the frontier; and he advised me in the strongest terms 
never to leave the road, even for twenty paces, alone. 
Although we encamped close to the houses at Franklin, it 
was considered necessary to bring our mules at night into 
the courtyard of the empty Fort, and to keep guard over 
them. 
These dreaded Indians are chiefly the Apaches, who 
inhabit the mountain districts of New Mexico, Chihuahua, 
and West Texas. The christianised Indians of the valley of 
the Rio Grande, known as the Pueblo Indians, are peaceful 
cultivators of the soil, and are fully admitted into the rights 
of citizenship. They possess a village called Sinecu, within 
the limits of El Paso, and are seen daily in the town, the 
men with their long braided hair, and the women with their 
painted faces. 1 Whenever the country around El Paso is 
unmolested by the Comanches the respite may be attri- 
buted to the hostility existing between them and the 
Apaches. Farther on I shall have to refer to a treaty 
drawn up by Colonel Langberg, between the State of 
Chihuahua and the Comanches against the Apaches, which 
has not been without good results. The above-named officer 
— in an extensive military survey of the eastern frontier 
of Mexico, from El Paso to the lower Rio Grande — visited 
a powerful Comanche tribe in their own dwellings. Colonel 
Langberg showed me here some beautifully-executed topo- 
graphical drawings belonging to the survey, by a Polish 
gentleman serving under him. 
Our arrangements at El Paso occupied us from the 3rd 
to the 9th of November. Of these the negotiations with 
1 The North Americans call these 
Indians simply Pueblos, incorrectly 
using the name as that of their tribe. 
But a Pueblo, according to the old 
Spanish colonial law, still in effect in 
Mexico, is a community of Indians re- 
cognized by the government, and en- 
dowed with certain rights and privileges. 
Pueblo Indians are, therefore, those who 
belong to the State, and possess civil 
rights, of whatever tribe they may be. 
