Chap. IX. GUADALUPE. 335 
Guadalupe, the Apaches had carried off thirty cows from 
the immediate neighbourhood of the houses, only the 
evening before we arrived there. A respectable inhabitant 
remarked to me that " the soldiers starve, and have neither 
horses nor clothing ; how can they protect us from the 
Indians ? " They are not less afraid of them than the 
inhabitants of Guadalupe are; and these again fear the 
soldiers as much as they do the Indians. 
We reached Guadalupe the evening of the 12th. Few 
men were in the village, eighty being in pursuit of the 
Indians. Such expeditions (campailas) are very frequent 
throughout Northern Mexico, and it is an error to suppose 
that the people fail in courage and bravery, although they are 
seldom successful. The population of this village consists 
principally of immigrants from New Mexico, who have 
given up their former homes since the annexation to the 
United States. These immigrants formed the best portion 
of the old population of that territory. About six miles 
lower down the river, a new village — named San Ygnacio 
— has been founded by the settlement of New Mexican 
immigrants. 
From hence, leaving the Sierra de Cantarecio on the 
left, and the Sierra de Guadalupe on the right, the 
road rises gradually to the higher ground south of the Rio 
Grande. The space between the above-named mountains 
is a plain rising somewhat to the south^ and covered with 
the common chaparral of these localities. At noon we 
stopped at Cantarecio, a watering-place, where we found 
only a little muddy water. In the evening, when dark, 
we passed — turning to the west, by a slow ascending plain 
of firm clayey soil, which contracted to a broad mountain 
pass — the chain of hills, by which the terrace of Canta- 
recio is separated from that of the Medanos, and encamped 
