Chap. X. COLONEL LANGBEEG. 351 
own citizens, whom they shot down whenever it was practi- 
cable. With the exception of the shameful part they took 
in betraying and murdering a whole tribe invited to a 
peace conference, they did but little injury to the Apaches. 
They soon became more dangerous to the State of Chihua- 
hua than the Apaches had been, and all rejoiced when they 
continued their journey to California. On the Colorado, 
where they took possession of the passage over the river in 
order to levy a high toll from the passengers, they were 
killed in a tumult with the Yuma Indians. 
In the beginning of 1852, Colonel Langberg, during the 
before-named survey of the Rio Grande territory in the State 
of Cohahuila, met with the Seminole chief, " Wild Cat," 
well known in the history of the Indian wars of Florida, 
and the equally well known negro, Gover Jones, with the 
rest of the expatriated Seminoles. The Colonel enlisted 
the whole party, and brought them to Chihuahua, in order 
to employ them against the Apaches and other hostile 
Indian tribes. But the Government of the State — whether 
from fear of the Seminoles, or from jealousy of Colonel 
Langberg, or want of money — refused to ratify the treaty ; 
and the two heroes who had gained a classic name in the 
Florida war, left Chihuahua full of indignation, declaring 
that there was not one " gentleman " in the whole body of 
the Government. 
Though, in this instance, Colonel Langberg' s exertions 
failed, the treaty which he concluded between the Govern- 
ment of Chihuahua and the Comanches of the Bolson de 
Mapimi against the Apaches has had important results. 
The haunts of these last do not extend to the south of 
the State of Chihuahua, and when they venture their attacks 
in that direction they come across their sworn enemies 
the Comanches. The Government has profited by the 
