Chap. X. GOVERNMENT MEASURES. 353 
who became the head of the tribe, considered himself 
bound to carry on the war with the Apaches. During my 
stay at Chihuahua he attacked one of their rancherias, and 
brought away thirty-seven scalps. Subsequently, on my 
journey from Chihuahua to Texas, I passed the Presidio 
del Norte (on the Rio Grande, below El Paso), whence the 
Espejo Apaches had shortly before carried off several young 
girls. The Nortenos, as the inhabitants are called, had 
sought aid from their allies the Comanches, and with them 
had concerted an expedition to the Sierra Rica, where the 
Espejos tribe then dwelt; and, as we had encamped near 
the Presidio, we were roused in the night by a troop of 
horsemen who passed us with laughter and song. They 
were a body of Nortefios and Comanches just starting on 
this expedition. I subsequently heard that they succeeded 
in driving this Apache tribe from the Sierra Rica into the 
territory of Texas. On a subsequent journey from Texas 
to California, at the eastern base of the Limpia Mountains, 
I met the remainder of this tribe, which, joined to another 
tribe of Mescalero 1 Apaches, were long the terror of 
another portion of the State of Chihuahua ; they made 
some demonstration of attacking our caravan. 
During my residence at Chihuahua, the Mescaleros, 
being hard pressed by the Comanches, sent an envoy there 
to arrange a treaty of peace. A safe conduct is given on 
such occasions. I was told that these messengers were 
murdered on their return by order of the government, 
but I cannot answer for the truth of the statement. Such 
treachery, however, has in earlier times been recklessly 
committed, as for instance under Glanton. 
1 The Espejos are only a sub-divi- 
sion of the Mescaleros. Perhaps they 
no longer exist. The name was only 
the plural form of that of their chief, 
" Espejo " or " the Mirror." Many small 
tribes or bands, existing but temporarily, 
derive their names in a similar manner. 
